Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Genetics and Genetic Engineering Dep., Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.
2
Genetics and Genetic Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.
3
Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University
4
Genetics Dep., Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt.
Abstract
The present study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Research Station, located in Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons, utilizing seven rice cultivars: Sakha104, Sakha103, Sakha108, Giza178, Giza179, E Hybrid1, and Sakha Super 300. A strip-plot design was employed, featuring three replications for each treatment. The main plots were designated for two irrigation intervals: continuous flooding (irrigation every 4 days) (CF) and drought stress conditions (irrigation every 12 days).The results of this experiment indicated that certain cultivars demonstrated commendable performance under drought conditions, with significant increases observed under continuous flooding compared to the twelve-day irrigation treatment. Under drought stress, E Hybrid1 exhibited the highest values for plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, flag leaf area (cm²), chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), and proline content. Conversely, Giza178 displayed the highest values for traits such as panicle length (cm), panicle weight (g), and grain yield per plant (g). In terms of 1000-seed weight, the cultivar Sakha108 achieved superior weight, while Giza178 recorded the lowest. Additionally, Sakha103 exhibited the lowest values for nearly all measured traits. Overall, the proline levels detected in the rice cultivars studied were positively correlated with the plants' ability to withstand drought stress, as evidenced by enhanced growth. Furthermore, to elucidate the mechanisms by which plants respond and adapt to drought stress, six genes with differentially expressed cDNAs were identified: COX1, PKDP, bZIP1, AP2-EREBP, Hsp20, and COC1. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis confirmed that drought-stressed plants expressed all six genes.
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