Antibiotics susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from clinical samples in Thamar, Yemen.

This study was designed to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of some bacterial isolates from patients visited different hospitals and medical laboratories in Thamar city, Yemen. One hundred -twenty four bacterial isolates were isolated from various clinical samples namely blood (62), urine (38), stool (35) and analyzed using standard microbiology technique in the Department of Biotechnology and food technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary  Medicine ,Thamar University. Pathogenic bacteria were identified by their colonial morphology, Gram staining, appropriate biochemical test and API20E. Among the 135 different clinical samples collected 124 Pathogenic bacteria were isolated which includes; Salmonella typhi(33), Salmonella. paratyphi(13), Escherichia coli (34), Klebsiella pneumoniae. (22), Shigella  Spp.(11), Salmonella Sp.(6), Citrbacteir freundi(3), Enterobacter Sp.(2).Antibiotics susceptibility studies showed that all Salmonella typhi  isolates were high resistance to rates Lincomycin,Tetracycline whereas most of them were resistance to ,Rifampicin(87.5%) and Nalidixic acid(50%). Intermediate resistance was observed to Ciprofloxacin(72.7%)  and Norfloxacin(62.5%) while, All pathogenic isolates were susceptible to Amoxicillin, Doxycycline,Streptomycin, Gentamycin. All Salmonella paratyphi isolates showed resistance to Lincomycin, Tetracycline, Streptomycin(84.6%) and Nalidixic acid(76.9%) but susceptible (100%)  to Amoxicillin, Doxycycline and Gentamycin(84.6%).All Escherchia coli isolates showed high resistance to Ampicillin,Erythromycin, Lincomycin, Amoxicillin and ,Rifampicin whereas, (67.6%) of them were  resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, Doxycycline , Streptomycin, Gentamycin(58.8%)  and Nalidixic acid(50%).  All Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed high resistance to Erythromycin, Lincomycin ,Rifampicin , Streptomycin and (72.7%) to Amoxicillin and Ciprofloxacin. All Shigella Sp. isolates showed high resistance to Erythromycin, Lincomycin, Rifampicinand Gentamycin, also to Tetracycline(90.9%), Ampicillin(81.8%),Amoxicillin(72.7%) but less resistance to Doxycycline(54.5%). Most of Shigella Sp. isolates were susceptible to Norfloxacin(72.7%) and Ciprofloxacin(63.6%).All non-typhoid Salmonella Sp. isolates were multi drug resistant to the antibiotics tested.High rates of drug resistance were found in most of the isolates studied and this could be attributed to their prevailing usage and abuse in the area under study. These results suggest that multi-drug resistance among clinical pathogens is common and significant in Yemen and call for nationwide surveillance programme to monitor microbial trends and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Yemen.