An Analytical Study of Agricultural policies Impact on Production of the Wheat in Egypt

As the agricultural sector in Egypt was one of the most important pioneering sectors in the Egyptian national economy; and that agricultural policy is the means by which economic efficiency in this sector could be achieved, especially if it was directed the destination to achieve this, and why the pursuit of efficiency and social justice was In the agricultural sector, it is necessary to study the impact of agricultural policies used in it, as it represents the decisive factor.
The policy was also studied using the Supply response model, and it was found from the results that the most influencing factors on the wheat crop supply are: (the price of wheat, the net yield of the rice crop, the net yield of the alfalfa crop) for the previous year, where it was found that there is a (significant) statistical significance for it at a significant level (0.05), which means that there is an effect It is true for those variables on the area of ​​the wheat crop and the elasticities of response to the variables indicate that the higher the price of the wheat crop in the previous season by 10%, this leads to an increase in the area of ​​wheat by 3.7% in the next season, and that the greater the net yield of the rice crop in the previous season by 10%. 10%, this leads to an increase in wheat area by 5.6% in the following season, and that whenever the net yield of alfalfa crop increases in the previous season by 10%, this leads to a decrease in wheat area by 15.7% in the following season.
 The policy was also studied using the policy analysis matrix model, and Through the results, it was found that the effective protection factor for the average of the two study periods is equal to (1.12) and (1.08) for the two periods respectively, and it is greater than the correct one, which means that wheat producers during the two study periods received an implicit subsidy from the state, and this may be in the context of encouraging And stimulating agricultural producers to increase local production of this crop, but because the state has left the marketing of wheat to the private sector, this has resulted in merchants obtaining most of the subsidies granted by the state. As for the local resource cost factor, it was found from its value that it is equivalent to (0.71). ), (0.72) for the two periods respectively, which means that there is a comparative advantage for domestic wheat production, and that its production is considered better than importing it in economic terms, in addition to the social and political aspects. And This confirms the importance and the price policy impact on increasing the domestic production of wheat, especially under indicative planning system, given that there is no way to make an algebraic pricing or compulsory supply of crops or an algebraic determination of the areas planted with it, as this shows the importance of declaring the price of wheat Before the planting date, to encourage agricultural producers to increase the cultivated area of it, as well as the use of highly productive varieties, which ultimately leads to an increase in the total production of wheat to achieve the maximum possible local self-sufficiency of this important crop.