Change Detection of Urban Growth in Some Area in El-Gharbiya Governorate Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques.

Urban spraw1 is one of the main problems that led to the reduction of the limited fertile land in the Nile Delta in Egypt. Now in Egypt, it may cause problems in food security.  Remote sensing and GIS are effective tools to map and analyze urban sprawl using three Land sat images (Land sat-TM acquired in 1986, Land sat-ETM⁺ acquired in 2013 and Landsat-OLI acquired in 2019), which provide needed data for measuring the change in urban area for the studied area. The purpose of this study is to estimate the changes in Agriculture area due to urban sprawl in El-Gharbiya Governorate, Egypt by using remotely sensed Land sat multispectral images for the period between the years 1986 to 2019. Software’s (ENVI 5.1and ArcGIS 10.2) have been used for processing and analyzing remote sensing data.  Satellite data monitoring of land use –land cover changes in the study area. There were two classes identified in the studied area in 1986 and 2019, the agricultural area and urban sprawl. Area of agriculture land decreasing by 6000 ha. Urban area increasing by 5880 ha. The changing patterns of human life, human activities and increasing population growth in the study area have accelerated the environmental degradation. Urban expansion is the land degradation process in the study area. Agriculture, which present the first and largest economic sectors in the study area need to get more attention from the Government because these are most influenced and damaged sectors by urban encroachment.  The application of law in Egypt must be enhanced and the essential services must be provided for the increase in the development of rural areas.