Identified SSR Marker Linked to Leaf, Stripe and Steam Rust Resistance Genes in Some High Yield Potential Bread and Durum Wheat varieties

This study was conducted to identify SSR markers linked to leaf, stripe and stem rusts resistance genes Lr34, Lr 19 and Lr 47, Yr 10 and Yr 15 and Sr 2, Sr12, Sr 24, Sr 26#43 and Sr 25 to be used as markers for identifying the rust resistance genes in seventeen Egyptian bread and durum wheat varieties and two promising lines produced from doubled haploid plants. Bread wheat varieties (Misr 1, Giza 168, Gemmieza 10, Nubaria 1, Sahel 1, Sids 13, Sids 4, Sakha 94, Gemmeiza 11, Giza 171, Gemmeiza 9, Sids 1 and two doubled haploid promising lines DH 2 and DH3) and durum wheat varieties (Bani Suef 5, Bani Suef 6 and Sohag 3). The materials were planted in the two successive growing seasons 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at El-Giza research station to determine some characters, i. e., No. of kernels/spike, No. of spikes/m², 1000-kernel weight(g) and grain yield Ardab/faddan.  Moreover, materials were tested to rust diseases in Sakha and Nubaria stations in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Significant differences were found among varieties in the two growing seasons, in all characters in this study. DH#3 promising line recorded the highest value in No. of spikes/m² and grain yield ardab/faddan in the two growing seasons. Misr 1, Giza 171, DH#2 and DH#3 had no infection of rust reaction in the two growing seasons for the three types of rusts, but Sids 13 and Nubaria 1 were 5MS (moderate susceptible) for Yr rust and 10 MS for Lr rust. However, Sr rust reaction zero no infection in all genotypes. Yr 10 and Yr 15 stripe rust resistant gene used in this study, positive molecular marker Linked to Yr 10 detected in Misr1, Sids 1and DH3, while Yr 15 was detected in Misr 1, Giza 168, Sahel 1, Sids 4, Sids 1, Bani Suef 5, Bani Seif 6, DH#2 and DH#3. Lr 34 leaf rust gene was found in Sids 13, Sakha 94 and DH#3, while Lr 47 gene was detected in Misr 1, DH#2 and DH#3, but Lr 19 was  detected in any genotype. Sr 2 durable resistant stem rust gene was detected in all genotypes expect Sids 1, moreover Sr 26#43 detected in all genotypes too expect Sids 4 variety. Sr 12 gene was detected in Misr 1, Giza 171, Gemmeiza 9 and DH# 3. All genotypes had no Sr 24, While Sr 25 resistance gene was detected in Misr 1, Giza 171 and DH#3 genotypes. Dedication of more than one gene in any variety is useful for durable resistance. Seven rust genes were detected in Misr 1 for the three rusts and eight genes were found in promising line DH#3, which caused resistant to rust. So, Misr 1 and DH#3 are considered as promising bread wheat high yielding genotypes and resistant to rust diseases can which be used in breeding program, as pre breeding in hybridization program.