Economic Efficiency of Weat Production According To the Irrigation Systems of Sharkia Governorate

  The e wheat crop is considered one of the most important strategic grain crops in the Egyptian and international agricultural sector, as it is the main food for humans as it is a basic source of energy because it contains a large percentage of carbohydrates. The study  focused on identifying the current production status of the wheat crop in the Sharkia Governorate compared to the Republic during the period (2008 - 2018), as it was estimated that the average area cultivated with wheat crops at the level of the Republic was about 3.2 million feddans during the period (2008-2018), while the annual average of the cultivated area in Sharkia governorate reached 401.78 thousand feddans, 12.7% of the republic during the aforementioned period, while the total production reached At the level of Sharkia Governorate, about 1.14 million tons, or 13.23% of the republic, amounting to 8.66 million tons during the study period. By studying some economic indicators of the wheat crop, it was found that the agricultural price increased during the period (2008-2018) by about 25.27 pounds /erdeb, at an increase rate of about 6.3% of the average agricultural price for the crop, which amounted to about 397.54 pounds. The total costs increased at an annual increasing rate of about 318.83. EGP / acre, at an increase rate of about 6.7% of the average total cost of the crop, which amounted to about 4758.27 pounds/acre during the study period. By estimating the economic efficiency of the elements of wheat crop production according to the flood irrigation system in the  Sharkia Governorate, it is clear that it was estimated at 4.79, 0.54, 3.95, 0.46, 49.30, -1.51 for the elements of seeds, municipal fertilizer, human labor, mechanical work, nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of water for each of them on The arrangement, while the economic efficiency of the elements of municipal fertilizer, human labor, mechanical work, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and the amount of water in the sprinkler irrigation system for the wheat crop in Al-Salhia center were estimated at 0.62, 1.47, 1.65, 23.05, 46.52 and 2.02 respectively. This shows the high economic efficiency of the majority of production elements according to the traditional irrigation and sprinkler irrigation systems for wheat farmers in the sample of the study, which requires the possibility of increasing the amount used from other elements in accordance with the technical standards to reach maximum economic efficiency. Wheat, according to the flood irrigation system, amounted to about 15844.96 pounds, while the total feddan yield from the wheat crop for the sprinkler irrigation system was about 17,482.74, while the net yield per feddan of the wheat crop in the flood irrigation system amounted to about 5291.4 pounds, and about 8900.1 pounds with the sprinkler irrigation system. Whereas, the net return of the water unit for the wheat crop in the flood irrigation system amounted to about 2.09 pounds / m3, while it reached about 5.3 pounds / m3 for the wheat crop with the sprinkler irrigation system, the cost of the water unit for the total costs was estimated at 4.17 pounds / m3, and about 5.17 pounds / m3 under the two irrigation systems By immersion, sprinkler irrigation all in order.