Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Some Phosphorus Sources on Growth, Seeds Yield, Chemical Compositions, Oil Productivity and Fixed Oil Constituents of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Plant

This study was conducted at the Experimental farm of the Heliopils University, El Sharqea, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of improving growth, seed yield, oil productivity and fixed oil constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plants grown in sandy soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and some  phosphorus sources i.e., phosphate rock - super phosphate - monoamonium phosphate (MAP) and phosphoric acid (30 units P₂O₅).
Seeds of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) were inoculated with mixed spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from genera Glomus, mosseae and fasciculatum [275 Spores/g oven dry basses in addition to the colonization root pieces (the infectivity 104 propagola) sterilized peatmoss: vermicolite: perlite as a carries] at the rate of 20g /5g of seeds and after 10 days by injection into the soil at 3.5 g/hill.
The obtained results indicated that, plants receiving mycorrhizal fungi inoculum gave the significantly highest mean values for most of studied characteristics (i.e., plant heigt, number of branches per plant, plant fresh and dry weights, seeds yield/plant and/or feddan, weight of 1000 seeds, chlorophyll "a, b,", carotenoids, N, P, K, total carbohydrate, fixed oil percentage, fixed oil yield /plant and/or feddan and fatty acids constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plants, while uninoculated plants (control) gave the lowest values. Whereas different sources of phosphorous fertilizers statistically affected most of the mentioned parameters, especially monoaminum phosphate treatment (MAP) in both seasons. Moreover, all the combination treatments between inoculated with AMF, uninoculated and phosphorous sources improved all the studied parameters. The recorded results indicated that, the combined treatments between mycorrhizal fungi inoculated and MAP gave the highest values for most recorded parameters, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids, N, P, K, total carbohydrate contents, fixed oil percentage, fixed oil yield/plant and/or feddan as compared with the other combined treatments both seasons. Meanwhile, the combined treatments of inoculation with the mixed spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphoric acid induced highly significant increments in this concern in both seasons. Chromatography analyses of chia fixed oil revealed the identification of 23 components, the main component was α-linolenic acid (54.96 to 63.23%). The major components were α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. It can be concluded that the inoculation with the mixed spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and monoamonium phosphate (MAP) was the best for improving growth, seeds yield, fixed oil productivity, chemical compositions and fixed oil constituents of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plant.