Manipulation of Bio-nanotechnology in Agri-Sector for Pest Control with Special Emphasis to Nematode Problems in Egypt

With the extravagant increase in the population and the increasing need for food, space and desert development, especially for agricultural expansion, has become a strategic goal and the focus of the economic and social policies of Egypt. The coming decades will witness accelerated rates of development in desert agriculture, not only through expanding beyond the green boundaries of the delta and the Nile valley , but also by crossing to remote areas in Sinai , southern Egypt. Soil nematode infecting plants are one of the most destructive parasites worldwide and cause crop damages with wide host rang. Attacking plant root system and feed on the plant nutrients causing lose in the crop yield and even death of the plants by developing galls and necrosis in the root system losing the ability of absorb the nutrients, water and die. The current major issue concerning nematode damage to plants is the lack of effective chemical treatment methods. The public concern over the chemical Nematicides is not only their toxicity for health and environmental risks but also their loss of efficiency after prolonged use.  Several control strategies alternative to chemical control that develops recently is production of natural Bio-Nano Nematicides as (green chemical) which act as inhibitors against nematodes population in soil.  The Advantages of using bionano Nematicides, it's safe organic compound extracted from the plant, It has no residual effect, It gives high ability to reach within the roots to combat nematodes in their phases, and the ability of the compound to rapidly spread in irrigation water which also gives the strength to spread and stay in the soil for a long time. The nematicides caused direct death to nematodes after few minutes when exposed to low concentrations, also has a repellent effect due to the presence of nanoparticles around the roots, the penetration of nanoparticles inside the root causes the inability of nematodes to form the nourishing cells and are therefore destroyed. It was also found out that there are more than 800 products as fertilizers in the world with their effective as nanomaterials, it is used for sprinkling on the vegetable, which will benefit the plant faster by Increasing photodynamic activity also increasing leaf content of chlorophyll. Also that product Increase crop capacity to withstand different stress conditions, Absorption speed, and Only 1 kg of nanophosphate fertilizer is required to replace 150 to 200 kg of superphosphate fertilizer in citrus farms. For example, Nanomaterials help protect the environment and human health, Increases farm profitability due to reduced fertilizer and spraying costs. Finally Advantage of using Bio-nanotechnology application in agriculture is seriously contributes effectively to increase the productivity of crops, Increase the quality of fruits, Increase their competitiveness by reducing the residues of fertilizers, Preserves the soil and reduces the contamination of groundwater with the residues of different fertilizers, Economically reflected on the economic yield of the farmer through the reduction of expenses, and thus increase the profitability of different crops, and increase export opportunities through increased product competitiveness .
More over the Development of the new generation of highly specialized biocides, overcoming the problems of global warming and its impact on the growth of plants to produce plants that tolerate high temperatures.