A study of the economic efficiency of the most important cereal crops and their impact on food security

Like the other developing countries whose national economies are characterized by the relative narrowness of their agricultural land area and the scarcity of their available agricultural water resources, the state has moved, since the early 1980s, to adopt an agricultural policy aimed at bringing about agricultural economic development at high rates, where the increase in the agricultural land area which has reached about 8,877 million Feddans as an average for the period (2011-2015), and thus the increase in the crop area of ​​about 15,548 million feddans during the same period, where the condensation factor reached about 1.75, not commensurate with the steady increase in the population estimated at about 90 million people and what It will be followed by an increase in consumption.
It turns out that the cultivated area of ​​wheat crop has taken a general annual upward trend of statistical significance of about 56,89 thousand feddans with an annual change rate estimated at about 1.94% of the average cultivated area of ​​wheat, which is about 2940 thousand feddans during the study period. Maize yield was found to range from a minimum of about 1542 thousand feddans in 2016 AD, and a maximum of about 2259 thousand feddans in 2015 with an average estimated at 1945 thousand feddans during the study period. It was also found that the cultivated area of ​​maize crop took an annual general upward trend with no statistically significant amount of about 1902.22 thousand feddans with an annual change rate estimated at 97.8% of the average cultivated area of ​​maize, which amounted to 1945 thousand feddans during the same period.
It was found that the average productive costs of maize crop according to agricultural operations amounted to about 211.5, 272.4, 282.1, 593.2, 213.2, 93.8, 258.1, 116.9, and 186.8 pounds / acre, with relative importance estimated at about 6,18 %, 7,97%, 8,24%, 17,35%, 6,23%, 2.74%, 7,55%, 3.42% and 5.46% of the average total production costs for each of the land preparation operations for agriculture, seed preparation, agriculture, irrigation, fertilization, and serviceYield, pest resistance, harvest, crop transfer and other expenses for each respectively, during the period (2000-2017).
It turns out that the average production costs of wheat, according to agricultural operations, are about 174.8, 234.6, 241.9, 486.5, 76.91, 138.2, 458.7, 134.3 and 196.3 pounds / acre, and with relative importance estimated at about 4.82 %, 6,47%, 6,67%, 13,41%, 2,12%, 3,81%, 12,64%, 3,7% and 5,41% of the average total production costs for each of the land preparation operations for agriculture, seed preparation, agriculture, irrigation, fertilization, and service Yield, pest resistance, harvest, crop transfer and other expenses, respectively, during the period (2000-2017).
It turned out that the average percentage of self-sufficiency in wheat reached about 60.3% during the study period, and it ranged between a minimum of about 47.89% in 2010, with a decrease of about 12.41% of the average gap size during the same period, and a maximum It reached about 77,17% in 2005, an increase of about 16,87% over its annual average during the same period. It also turned out that the average percentage of self-sufficiency in corn was 54.51% during the study period, and it ranged between a minimum of 36.16% in 2016, with a decrease of about 18.35% of the average gap size during the same period. A maximum of about 83.12% in 2002, an increase of about 28.61% over its annual average during the same period.