Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Effect of Repeated Magnetization Process of Water on the Waterand Soil Properties as well as Lettuce Yield1104183610.21608/assjm.2019.41836ENWalaaAbd-ElrahmanAgric. and Biosys. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Agric., Benha Univ., Moshtohor, Toukh, Qalyobia, Egypt.Journal Article20190122It is known that the magnetic field works to change the chemical and physical properties of water and this is reflected in the properties of soil and plant. An experiment was conducted during 2017 and 2018 seasons at a farm in MitKenana village, Qalyobia, Egypt. The aim was to study the effect of water re-magnetization on the properties of water, soil and Lettuce growth. The experiment was divided into four treatments with three replicates. Normal water treatment and other magnetized water treatments were irrigated with water passed through the magnetic device one, two and three times. EC, pH, anions and cations for both water and soil as well as yield and yield components for Lettuce were measured. Results indicated that, irrigation with magnetized water induced positive significant effect on all studied treatments on water, soil and plant where it improved water and soil properties with increasing plant productivity. The one-time passing magnetic treatment of irrigation water significantly decreased electrical conductivity of the soil, but the effect on pH was moderatein addition to increasing lettuce productivity by 29.1% more than non-magnetic treatment. With multiple magnetic treatments, did not show big differences between treated and untreated treatments Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Effect of Organic, Inorganic and Nano Fertilizers on Agronomic Traits of Maize11204187710.21608/assjm.2019.41877ENNasserEl-GizawyFaculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha UniversityJournal Article20190120Integrated nutrient management is a judicious application of fertilizer from different sources for sustainable agriculture. Two-year field experiment was conducted at the Agric. Res. and Exp. Center, Fac. of Agric., Moshtohor, Banha Univ., Kalubia Governorate, during the two growing seasons 2016 and 2017, to study the influence of three biogas sludge manure rates (0, 3.5, 7 ton/fed), four mineral NP fertilizer i.e. (N<sub>0</sub>P<sub>0</sub>, N<sub>40</sub>P<sub>7.5</sub>, N<sub>80</sub>P<sub>15</sub>,N<sub>120</sub>P<sub>22.5</sub> kg/fed) and three levels of nano micronutrients foliar application (0, 100 and 200 g/fed) on growth, yield and its component of maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.). The experiment was laid out in split-split-plot design with three replications. Results of combined analysis of the two seasons showed that increasing biogas rate to 3.5 ton/fed significantly increased grain weight/ear as well as grain and biological yield/fed compared with control. Yield components (ear length, grain weight/ear and 100-grain weight) as well as grain and biological yield (ton/fed) were significantly increased by increasing NP fertilizer levels up to N<sub>80</sub>P<sub>15</sub> kg/fed. Significant effect of nano micronutrients application on No. of ears/plant and 100-grain weight at rate 100 g/fed and plant height, grain weight/ear as well as grain and biological yield/fed at rate 200 g/fed were detected. Interaction effect between biogas x NP x nano had significant effect on ear length, grain weight/ear as well as grain and biological yield. Treatment 3.5 ton biogas x N<sub>80</sub>P<sub>15</sub> kg x 200 g nano/fed was the best treatment had 56.02% more grain yield, in comparison to control with increased soil fertility and saving 33.3% of mineral fertilizer compared with high fertilizer level.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Effect of Sowing and Nitrogen Application Methods on Yield and Yield Components of Some Wheat Varieties21304214710.21608/assjm.2019.42147ENNasserEl-GizawyFaculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha UniversityJournal Article20190103Two field experiments were conducted at the Experiment and Research Center, Fac. Agric., Moshtohor, Benha Univ., during 2014/15 and 2015/16 seasons. The aim of this study was response to investigate the effect of three wheat varieties (Misr 2, Sakha 94 ,and Sids 12)to four planting methods (prodcasting, rows, hills on ridges and rows on beds ) and two application methods (prodcasting and drilling).
<strong>The results indicated that:</strong>
Misr 2 variety gave the highest values of plant height, spike length, No. tillers and spikes m<sup>-2</sup>, No. spikelets spike<sup>-1</sup>, weight of grains spike<sup>-1 </sup>, biological and grain yields fed<sup>-1</sup> compared with the other varieties in the first and second seasons. planting by rows on bed method increased significantly plant height, spike length, No. otillers and spikes m<sup>-2</sup>, No. spikelets spike<sup>-1</sup>, weight of grains spike<sup>-1</sup>, 1000-grain weight, biological and grain yields fed<sup>-1</sup> compared with the other planting methods in the first and second seasons.
Plant height, spike length, No. tillers and spikes m<sup>-2</sup>, No. spikelets spike<sup>-1</sup>, weight of grains spike<sup>-1</sup>, 1000-grain weight, biological and grain yields fed<sup>-1</sup> increased significantly by prodcasting N application method in the first and second seasons.
Plant height, No. tillers and spikes m<sup>-2</sup>, No. spikelets spike<sup>-1</sup>, weight of grains spike<sup>-1</sup>, 1000-grain weight, biological and grain yields fed<sup>-1</sup> were affected by the interaction between wheat varieties and planting methods in the first and second seasons except 1000- grain weight in the second season.
Plant height, No. tillers and spikes m<sup>-2</sup>, No. spikelets spike<sup>-1</sup>, 1000- grain weight and biological yield fed<sup>-1</sup> were affected by the interaction between varieties and nitrogen application methods in the first and second seasons except plant height and No. spikelets spike<sup>-1</sup> in the first season. Plant height, No. tillers and spikes m<sup>-2</sup>, No. spikelets spike<sup>-1</sup>, biological and grain yields fed<sup>-1</sup> were affected by the interaction between planting methods and nitrogen application methods in the first and second seasons except plant height, No. tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, No. spikelets spike<sup>-1</sup> and grain yield fed<sup>-1 </sup>in the first season. Also, plant height, No. tillers and spikes m<sup>-2</sup>, weight of grains spike<sup>-1</sup>, 1000-grain weight, biological and grain yields fed<sup>-1</sup> responded significant to the interaction of the three involved factors (varieties x planting methods x N application methods).
It could be concluded that under the conditions of the experiment, planting Misr 2 var by rows on bed method under proadcasting N application is recommended.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Influence of Some Commercial Blends between the Imported Cotton and the Upper Egyptian Varieties on Technological Properties31384215210.21608/assjm.2019.42152ENEl-Saeed M. M.El-GedwyAgronomy Department - Faculty of Agriculture - Benha University - Egypt.Journal Article20190113The present study was carried out during 2016 season on the laboratory at Cotton Technology Research Division, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt, to investigate the effect of seven cotton materials, <em>i.e.</em> pure Egyptian cotton of Giza 90 (T<sub>1</sub>), pure Egyptian cotton of Giza 95 (T<sub>2</sub>), pure upland cotton (T<sub>3</sub>), blend of 65 % Giza 90 + 35 % upland cotton (T<sub>4</sub>), blend of 65 % Giza 95 + 35 % upland cotton (T<sub>5</sub>), blend of 35 % Giza 90 + 65 % upland cotton (T<sub>6</sub>) and blend of 35 % Giza 95 + 65 % upland cotton (T<sub>7</sub>) and four yarn counts, <em>i.e. </em>15’s, 20’s, 25’s and 30’s on fiber and yarn technological properties under using the new technique of the rotor open-end spinning system. The obvious results of this investigation can be summarized as follows:
The differences between the studied seven cotton materials in mean values of all fiber and yarn technological properties were significant. Pure Egyptian cotton of Giza 95 significantly recorded the highest mean values for upper half mean length (mm), uniformity (%), fiber strength (g/tex), maturity, maturity ratio (%), reflectance degree, No. of convolution/cm and yarn strength vice versa, it gave the lowest mean values of fiber elongation (%), fineness (mill/tex), diameter (µ), No. of reversal/cm, evenness/100 m, No. of neps/100 m, No. of thin places/100 m, No. of thick places/100 m and hairiness. While, Pure Egyptian cotton of Giza 90 significantly recorded the maximum mean value of yellow-ness, however it gave the lowest mean values of short fiber index (%) and micronaire value. Meanwhile, the maximum mean values of short fiber index (%), fiber elongation (%), micronaire value, fineness (mill/tex), diameter (µ), No. of reversal/cm, evenness/100 m, No. of neps/100 m, No. of thin places/100 m, No. of thick places/100 m and hairiness as well as, the minimum mean values of upper half mean length (mm), uniformity (%), fiber strength (g/tex), maturity ratio (%), yellow-ness and No. of convolution/cm which were obtained from pure upland cotton. But, no significant differences were detected between T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> as well as between T<sub>4</sub> and T<sub>5</sub> also between T<sub>6</sub> and T<sub>7</sub> were no significant on allmost fiber and yarn technological properties.
Increasing yarn counts from 15’s, 20’s and 25’s to 30’s caused significant increments in mean values of evenness/100 m, No. of neps/100 m, No. of thin places/100 m and No. of thick places/100 m. On the other hand, mean values of yarn strength and hairiness were significantly decreased with increasing yarn counts. The yarns produced at yarn count of 30’s significantly recorded the maximum mean values of evenness/100 m, No. of neps/100 m, No. of thin places/100 m and No. of thick places/100 m as well as, gave the lowest mean values of yarn strength and hairiness. Meanwhile, the maximum mean values of yarn strength and hairiness as well as, the lowest mean values of evenness/100 m, No. of neps/100 m, No. of thin places/100 m and No. of thick places/100 m which were obtained from yarn count of 15’s.
Significant effect of the interaction between seven cotton materials and four yarn obtained for mean values of yarn strength, No. of neps/100 m, No. of thin places/100 m and No. of thick places/100 m. Meanwhile, mean values of evenness/100 m and hairiness were not significantly affected by the interaction between cotton materials and yarn counts. The greatest mean value of yarn strength as well as, the lowest mean values of No. of neps/100 m, No. of thin places/100 m and No. of thick places/100 m which were obtained from pure Egyptian cotton of Giza 95 at yarn count of 15’s. Meanwhile, The highest mean values of No. of neps/100 m, No. of thin places/100 m and No. of thick places/100 m as well as the lowest of mean value of yarn strength which were obtained from pure upland cotton yarn count of 30’s.
<strong> </strong>Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Ameliorating Effect of β-Carotene on Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Oxidative Stress Status during Gestational Stages in Goats39464215310.21608/assjm.2019.42153ENANHAR I.El-HanafyDepartment of Biological Applications, Radioisotopes Applications Division, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Inshas, Cairo, Egypt, P.O.13759Journal Article20190116The possible effects of β-carotene orally supplementation upon gestational stages changes in serum concentrations across time for total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride(TG) and alanine transaminase(AlT) and aspartate transaminase(AST), Haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cells count (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV) malondialdehyde(MDA),reduced glutathione(GSH), total antioxidant capacity(TAC) and progesterone (P4) were evaluated. Experiments were carried out from May to October and were constructed into two groups of gestational goats (20 does each) with 2-3 years (body weight 26±2kg) crossbred does50%Zaraibi x 50% Baladi. The first group was considered as control (C) while the other one was β-carotene (BC) group in which 50 mg BC was oral supplemented/day/goat. Serum blood samples were collected in order to quantify progesterone concentrations (P4) through radioimmunoassay. TP, ALB, GLB, TC, and TG were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Oral supplementation with β-carotene significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) the concentrations of TP, ALB,GLB, GSH,TAC and P4 with the associated significant decrease in TC, TG and MDA concentrations, compared with the control. Gestation stages showed significant differences (p ≤0.002and p ≤0.05) in all biochemical parameters, haematological, oxidative stress parameters and P4 level. However, a treatment × gestation stages interaction occurred between treatments for TP, ALT, AST, Hb, RBCs, PCV, MDA, GSH, TAC and P4 (<em>P </em>< 0.002 and p ≤0.05) favoring the β-carotene group.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Effect of Wheat Germ oil and Coenzyme Q10 on Physiological Performance and Testicular Oxidative Stress Markers in Rabbit Bucks47584215510.21608/assjm.2019.42155ENAbdelkarim I. M.El-SayedAnimal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20190114The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of WGO and Coenzyme Q10 low and high doses on physiological performance and testicular oxidative status of male rabbit bucks. In addition tracing the best suitable interval which modulates physiological response under Egyptian summer condition. This experiment was done on a pure strain of Sinai gabali bucks 3 months old. The animals were randomly divided into four groups each one comprise 6 animals. The 1<sup>st</sup> group served as normal control (C), the 2<sup>nd</sup> group treated with wheat germ oil (WGO) (300 mg/kg BW), the 3<sup>rd</sup> group treated with Coenzyme Q10L (10 mg /kg BW), and the 4<sup>th </sup>group treated with Coenzyme Q10H (20 mg/kg BW).Rabbits of all treatments were given oral administration daily for 60 days, and blood samples were collected monthly along 6 months after the end of the treatment. Moreover, the rabbits were decapitated and the testes tissues were exceed for evaluation Reduced Glutathione (GSH)<strong>, </strong>Malondialdehyde (MDA), Oxidized Glutathione (GSSG) and Nitric oxide (NO) contents. Data revealed that liver function did not show any significant differences due to treatment. Month effect did not show any differences in ALT and AST values. According to the interaction of treatment and month data showed the best value of ALT and AST (26.48 and 32.72 U/L, respectively) in C× 6<sup>th</sup> and Coenzyme Q10L ×5<sup>th</sup> month, respectively. With regard to Lipid profile data showed significant decrease (P<0.05) of total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride due to Coenzyme Q10L treatment and significant (P<0.05) increase in HDL due to Coenzyme Q10L treatment and the interaction showed the best values for TC, TG, HDL and LDL (89.50 mg/ dL Coenzyme Q10L×2<sup>nd</sup> month, 87.50 mg/ dL Coenzyme Q10L×3<sup>rd</sup> month, 36.00 mg/ dL Coenzyme Q10L×3<sup>rd</sup>month and 35.96 mg/ dL Coenzyme Q10L×3<sup>rd</sup>month, respectively). Results did not show any significant (P˃ 0.05) differences in blood proteins in the 4 groups due to the effect of treatments on male rabbits. Also month effect data did not show any changes (P˃ 0.05) in blood proteins. The interaction showed the best values of blood proteins, total protein ,albumin ,globulin and A/G ratio, 7.63g/dL in Coenzyme Q10H×4<sup>th</sup> month (hot THI) , 4.17g/dL in WGO ×2<sup>nd</sup> month (hot THI), 3.58g/dL in Coenzyme Q10H ×4<sup>th</sup> month(hot THI) and 1.30 in Coenzyme Q10H ×6<sup>th</sup> month (mild THI), respectively). Oxidative markers of testicular MDA and GSH showed decreases in MDA and increase in GSH due to WGO and Coenzyme Q10 treatments, respectively. In conclusion, the present study suggests that Coenzyme Q10 and WGO treatments improve physiological performance, reduced heat stress and testicular oxidative stress markers in Sinai gabali male rabbits under Egyptian summer condition.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Effect of Dietary Phytase Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance and Some Blood Parameters of Japanese Quails59664215710.21608/assjm.2019.42157ENOsama H.El-GarhyAnimal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20190123This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of phytase enzyme on growth performance and some blood parameters of Japanese quails. A total number of 200 one day old Japanese quail chicks with nearly similar initial average weight were used in this study. Chicks were randomly distributed into four experimental groups each of 50 birds. Chicks of the 1<sup>st</sup> experimental group were fed basal diet and considered as control group. Chicks of the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented withPHE at a levels of 25, 50 and 75 g/ton diet, respectively. Results obtained showed significant variations (p<0.05) in averages live body weight (LBW), body weight gain (BWG), growth rate (GR), feed intake (FI) and conversion (FC), mortality rate (MO), performance index (PI), absolute weight of carcass and giblets due to dietary phytase applied. The highest significant improvement in LBW, BWG, GR, FC, PI, carcass traits, REE and lower mortality rate were showed by quail chicks fed diet supplemented with phytase enzyme at a level of 50 and 75 g/ton diet, respectively, followed by those fed diet supplemented with 25 g phytase enzyme /ton when compared with control group. Chicks fed diet supplemented with 50 and 75 g phytase/ton diet , respectively significantly increased plasma total protein, globulin, calcium and inorganic phosphorus and decreased plasma ALT, creatinine, uric acid and plasma cholesterol compared with the other level of phytase and control group. It could be recommended to use phytase enzyme at a level of 50 and 75 g/ ton diet, respectively to improve the productive, metabolic performance and economical efficiency of Japanese quail.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Influence of Different Rates of Irrigation to Olive Trees on Fruits Yield, Quality and Sensory Attributes of Olive Oil Output.67764220610.21608/assjm.2019.42206ENEnaam Sh. A.MohamedFats and Oils Res. Dep., Food Tech. Research InstituteJournal Article20190113<strong> </strong>An experiment was carried out in olive farm in Wady-El Natron, El Behera governorate, Egypt, to study the influence of deficit rate in different amounts of irrigation water, 96, 64 and 32 liter water / tree per hr.( at rates 80, 53.3 and 26.6 %, respectively) are given to olive trees (Coratina and Dolce vars.), and its compared with 120 liter water / tree per hr. (at rate 100%) as a control on the chemical composition, promological parameters of olive fruits (fruit characteristics) and fruits yield and also on the quality parameters, fatty acids composition, natural antioxidant contents, stability and organoleptic characteristics (sensory attributes<strong>) </strong>of the extracted oils from olive fruits. The results showed that:-
The fruit characteristics of olive trees (Coratina and Dolce vars.) were affected by different amounts of irrigation water whereas, 100- fruit weight, fruit weight, pulp weight and pulp/stone ratio showed statistical variation at a significance level of 5% according to the level of irrigation water applied, generally these parameters gradually decreased with lowering amount water during irrigation for two varieties. Values of FFA, PV, K232, K270 and Δk of olive fruits oil decreased gradually by decreasing the amounts of irrigation water are given to olive trees in both two varieties. Oils from the 32 liter water / tree treatment had higher contents of oleic acid, total polyphenols and O-diphenol, higher oleic / linoleic and TUSFA / TSFA ratios and the highest oxidative stability, despite their lower total tocopherols, carotonids and chlorophyll contents compared with other treatments. Gradual reducing amount of irrigation water caused gradually an increase in fruitiness, bitterness and pungency in virgin olive oils in both two varieties.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Effect of some Biostimulants Materials on Growth, Yield, Quality and Storability of Sweet Pepper.77884221010.21608/assjm.2019.42210ENSaid A.ShehataVegetable Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190108 This experiment was carried out under plastic house conditions during winter seasons of 2016 – 2017 and 2017 – 2018 in a clay loam at Agricultural Experiment Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University and Laboratory of Handling of Vegetable Crops Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Giza, to study the effect of some bio-stimulant, viz., seaweed extract (SWE) at 0.2%, humic acid (HA) at 0.2% and biofertile (BF) at 2% as foliar spray as compared with untreated plants as control on vegetative growth, yield and its components, fruit quality and storability of sweet pepper fruits Monist F<sub>1</sub> hybrid. Results indicated that plant treated with biofertile produced the highest value of all growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves/ plant and chlorophyll reading (SPAD) in leaves), yield and its component (fruit weight, number of fruits/ plant and total yield/ plot) and fruit quality (physical properties, viz., fruit length, flesh thickness and firmness and chemical properties viz., total soluble solids and ascorbic acid contents) followed by humic acid. Also, sweet pepper fruits obtained from plants treated with biofertile was the most effective treatment for improving storability and maintaining fruit quality attributes, which gave the lowest values of weight loss% and maintained fruit color, firmness, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid content and gave good appearance of fruits after 28 days of storage at 10° C and 95% relative humidity.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Effect of Some Fertilization Treatments on Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Banana Grande Naine Cultivar89984221310.21608/assjm.2019.42213ENHamed ElzaabalawyAlbadawyHort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Benha Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20190108This work was carried out at the sandy soil of El-Khatatba region, Minofia Governorate, Egypt, through the two successive seasons of 2016 and 2017 to study the effect of organic fertilization combined with chemical fertilizer in presence of bio fertilizer on growth, yield, quality and nutritional status of banana Grande Naine cultivar. Mother plants were planted at 3×2 m apart in March 2015 and two suckers were selected per each hole and the others were removed. The obtained results showed that, the highest values of pseudostem height, pseudostem circumference, leaf area and assimilation area per plants were scored by T<sub>1</sub> recommended dose of chemical fertilization (RD), followed in descending order by T<sub>4</sub> treatment (75% RD+21kg compost+5ml bio./plant) with non-significant differences between them in the two seasons. The highest values of bunch length, fruits yield per fed., the thickest bunch, the heaviest bunch, the highest number of fingers/hand and the heaviest hand were scored by T<sub>1</sub> treatment, followed in descending order by T<sub>4</sub> treatment in the two seasons. The highest values of finger length, finger diameter and finger weight as well as the richest fruit pulp total sugars % and T.S.S. % were recorded by T<sub>4</sub>, followed by T<sub>7</sub> (75% RD+45g humic+ 5ml bio./plant) in the two seasons. The heaviest pulp weight was obtained by those received T<sub>4</sub> treatment, followed in descending order by T<sub>7</sub> treatments, whereas the highest pulp/peel ratio was registered by T<sub>7</sub> and T<sub>4</sub> treatments in the two seasons. Banana plants received the full dose of chemical fertilization (100% RD) is being the most promising one for inducing the greatest leaf total carbohydrates, N, P and K percentage, followed in descending order by T<sub>4</sub> and T<sub>7</sub> treatments without significant difference between them in the two seasons.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Effect of Different Wrapping Films on Quality and Storability of Globe Artichoke during Cold Storage.991044221610.21608/assjm.2019.42216ENJournal Article20190110Artichoke heads of the cultivar "French Hyrious" were harvested at the suitable maturity stage of marketing with a dimension of (7-12 cm) on 14<sup>th</sup> and 16<sup>th</sup> of Februaryin 2017 and 2018 seasons, respectively from Borg El-arab farm, Behera Governorate and shifted to the laboratory of Vegetable Handling Research Department, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, A.R.E. to evaluate the potential of wrapping filmspolypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl film in preserving the quality parameters and extend the shelf life of artichoke heads during cold storage. Wrapping artichoke heads in the different wrapping films slowed the rate of weight loss, had the highest compactness and gave the highest value of L value, resulted in lighter color comparatively to the highest ones obtained from unwrapped heads. Artichoke heads wrapped with polypropylene film or polyethylene film were perceived to have the highest intensities of freshness, greenness and compactness. Wrapping artichoke heads with polypropylene film produced an improvement in market quality; it would reduce weight loss percentage, color change and maintained ascorbic acid content and gave product with good appearance after 28 days of storage at 0 °C and 95 % RH.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Effect of Cooling Delays on Quality Attribute of Globe Artichoke During Cold Storage.1051124221810.21608/assjm.2019.42218ENMohsen EL SAYEDM. SaadHorticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190110Artichoke heads of the cultivar "French Hyrious" were harvested at the suitable maturity stage of marketing with a dimension of (7-12 cm) on 14<sup>th</sup> and 16<sup>th</sup> of February in 2017 and 2018 seasons, respectively from Borg El-arab farm, Behera Governorate and shifted to the laboratory of Vegetable Handling Research Department, Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center. To study the effect of cooling delay treatments for 2, 4 and 6 hr. from harvest compared with uncooled treatment (control) on quality attributes of artichoke heads during storage at 0<sup>o</sup>C. Results showed that all cooling delay treatments reduced weight loss percentage and maintained head compactness as compared with uncooled during storage. Cooling delay for 2 hr. after harvest was the most effective treatment for maintaining quality and storability of head, which gave the lowest value of weight loss %, maintained ascorbic acid content and TSS %, delay color change and gave heads with good appearance for 28 days of storage at 0<sup>o</sup>C. However, the allowable maximum for cooling delay between harvest and the start of initial cooling for artichoke heads was 4 hr., which generally did not affect the postharvest quality and gave good appearance after 28 days of storage at 0<sup>o</sup>C. Non cooled treatment rated poor appearance at the end of storage (28 days at 0<sup>o</sup>C).Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Impact of Magnetic Iron Applications and Foliar Spray of Some Antioxidants on Growth, and Productivity of "Flame seedless" Grapevines under Salt Affected Soil1131284222210.21608/assjm.2019.42222ENSaber S.BassionyHorticulture. Res. Inst. Viticulture Dep., Agric. Res., Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190120This work was conducted during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons in a commercial vineyard located in Abo-Ghaleb El-Giza Governorate Egypt for evaluating the effect of magnetic iron, Salicylic acid (SA) and Ascorbic acid (AsA) on growth and productivity of "Flame seedless" (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.) grapevines. The vines had eight years old, grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system and spaced at 2 x 3m in row and between rows, respectively. Four magnetic iron levels (0, 150, 250 and 350g/vine) were applied as soil amendment once after winter pruning. Also, four foliar spray treatments (tap water, SA at 100, AsA at 150 and SA+ AsA at 100+ 150 mg/l, respectively) were applied two times (after fruit set and at veraison stage). The obtained results cleared that, the highest magnetic iron dose (350g/ vine) combined with the two antioxidants (SA+ AsA) was more effective in enhancing vine growth, yield and fruit quality parameters. Such combination treatment gave the highest significant values of growth characters in terms of leaf area, shoot length and leaf chlorophyll content as well as vine vigor parameters as internodes length, pruning’s weight, the coefficient of wood ripening. Also, enhanced leaf nutrients content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe moreover, it was superior in reducing leaf Na, Cl and proline content. This combination treatment produced the highest yield/ vine, cluster weight, cluster length and best berries physical characters as berry diameter, length and volume as well as chemicals in terms of SSC%, SSC/acid ratio, anthocyanine pigments and reduced berry acidity. All magnetic iron applications were effective in reducing EC, pH and Sodium adsorption rate (SAR) of soil which partially elevate salinity hazer on vine growth and release more soil nutrients. Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301The efficacy of Copper Oxide, Tri-calcium Phosphate and Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles in Controlling Black Scurf Disease of Potato1291384222310.21608/assjm.2019.42223ENEman S.El-ShewyVegetable disease department, Plant Pathology Research institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619 Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190127Black scurf disease caused by <em>Rhizoctonia solani,</em> was a serious and common disease on potato worldwide. Effect of nanoparticles forms of Tri–calcium phosphate, copper oxide and silicon dioxide nanoparticle was evaluated at five concentrations to control black scurf disease in vitro and in vivo. Examination of treated <em>R. solani</em> with different tested nanoparticle was done using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Activities of defense related enzyme were determined in artificially inoculated potato plants and tubers (cv. Spunta) with <em>R solani</em>. Physical characteristics of tested nanoparticles exhibit that all of them are spherical in shape and varied in their sizes. Also, all tested nanoparticles exhibited inhibitory effect of <em>R. solani. </em>Non-copper oxide was the most effective one (56.42 %) in suppressing the mycelial growth of <em>R. solani</em> at concentration 250 µl/L. The TEM examination of treated <em>R</em><em>. solani </em>with different nanoparticles exhibit that instability they caused in cell wall thickness, abnormalities of nucleus and disappearance of nuclear membrane. All tested nanoparticles reduced of incidence and severity% of black scurf disease at concentrations 150 and 200 µl/L. during 2014 and 2015 seasons. Results cleared also that treating potato plants with different tested nanoparticles affected positively the activities of poly phenoloxidase, peroxidase, catalase and chitinase enzymes in leaves and tubers.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Efficacy of Ozone Gas against Two Stored Product Insects1391444222510.21608/assjm.2019.42225ENEman L.AyadStored Product Pest Dept., Plant Protection Research Institute, A.R.C., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190205Efficacy of ozone gas against two of stored product insects, larvae and eggs of almond moth<em> Ephestia cautella</em> (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)and larvae and adults of the saw-toothed grain beetle, <em>Oryzaephilus surinamensis</em> (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) at 30 ± 1°C was tested. The results showed that mortality increased gradually by increasing exposure time of ozone gas. Mortality percent for larvae of <em>E. cautella</em> was 10% at 0.5 h. exposure and reach to 100% at 4 hrs. after 7day of exposure period. Reduction of egg numbers was 7.65% at 0.5 hrs. exposure period and increased to 81.25% at 4 hrs. These results showed that eggs more tolerant to ozone gas than the larvae. Mortality percent of <em>O. surinamensis</em> adults was 5.2% at 1h. exposure period and increased to 90.4% at 4 hrs. after 7 days of exposure. Mortality of larvae of <em>O. surinamensis</em> was 6.4% at 0.5 hrs. exposure and increased to 92% at 4 hrs. after 7 days of exposure period. Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Effects of Combination of Diniconazole Fungicide with Antioxidants on Vital Ingredients of Certain Fungi1451504222710.21608/assjm.2019.42227ENIbrahim S.IbrahimDepartment of Plant Protection, Fac. of Agric. (Cairo), Al-Azhar University, EgyptJournal Article20190206 The main objective of this study is to evaluate addition of some antioxidants to diniconazole fungicide on the three isolated fungi, i.e.,<em> Alternaria</em> <em>alternata</em>, <em>Fusarium</em> <em>graminearum</em> and <em>Pyrenophora</em> <em>tritici</em>-<em>repentis</em>. Three antioxidants, i.e., selenium at 5ppm, butylated hydroxyanisole at 50ppm and ascorbic acid at 100ppm were combined with different concentrations of diniconazole, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3 and 5ppm, in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium. The vital ingredients, i.e., fresh weight, total carbohydrates, lipids and proteins of the fungi were determined. The results clearly indicated that fungicide-antioxidant mixtures decreased the vital ingredients of the tested fungimore effectively than the fungicide or antioxidants applied alone. Regardless the isolated fungi, the percent reduction of any of the vital ingredients followed the order; Se < BHA < AsA. These effects increased with increasing the concentration of the fungicide in culture medium. This means that antioxidants, especially selenium, enhanced the fungitoxic activity of diniconazole against the isolated fungi.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Utilizing of Plant Extract Garlic Oil against Aphis Gossypii and Tetranychus Urticae1511544222910.21608/assjm.2019.42229ENKhalid A.AiadFruit Acarology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), EgyptJournal Article20190207The toxicity values of Garlic oil plant extract were estimated at concentrations 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.5 cm/liter water for controlling <em>Aphis gossypii</em> Glover, 1877 and two spotted spider mite <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> Koch. The obtained results demonstrated that , the highest mortality percentage were 91.3 % and 96.7 % at concentrate 1.5cm/liter water for <em>A. gossypii</em> and <em>T. urticae</em> Respectively, meanwhile, the lowest mortality percentage (43.3 % and 34.7 % for <em>A. gossypii</em> and <em>T. urticae</em> , respectively) was recorded at concentrate 0.5 cm/liter water .Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301A Chicklist with Some Taxonomic Notes on the Species of the Family Anthicidae (Coleoptera) Recorded In Egypt1551624223810.21608/assjm.2019.42238ENMohammed K.AbiedDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University.Journal Article20190210A chicklist of the family Anthicidae existing in Egypt is given, based on material kept in the main reference insect collections in Egypt and records in the literature. The list includes 74 species and 16 subspecies belonging to 17 genera under four subfamilies (Anthicinae, Notoxinae, Tomoderinae and Macratriinae). Updated scientific names and synonyms are presented together with Taxonomic notes. Certain subgenera were promoted to genus rank, consequently changing in scientific names. Activity period and distribution for most species in Egypt. All taxa (subfamilies, genera and species) are alphabetically arranged.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Response of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) To Compost and Indole-3-Butyric Acid under Rainfed Conditions1631764223910.21608/assjm.2019.42239ENEssam A.M.OsmanSoils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20190224Drought stress is one of the most important a biotic stresses in agriculture worldwide, especially under rainfed conditions. Its impacts include reduction in growth, yield quantity and quality. The present experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station of Mersa- Matruh, Mersa- Matruh Governorate, Egypt during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 cropping seasons, to evaluate the effect of compost and spraying of indole-3-butyric acid growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum <em>L</em>.) under rainfed conditions. Application of 4 ton compost fed<sup>-1</sup> gave the highest significant values of plant height, branches and seed number plant<strong><sup>-1 </sup></strong>as well ascapsules number and weightplant<strong><sup>-</sup></strong><sup>1</sup>. Also,seed weight plant<sup>-1</sup>and 100 seed weight as well as seed, straw and biological yield fed<sup>- 1</sup>. In addition, NPK percentage in chickpea seed and straw as well as percentage of crude protein, total sugars and carbohydrates in both seasons. Spraying indole-3-butyric acid by the rate of 80 ppm gave the highest significant values of all parameters under study. Foliar application of indole-3-butyric acid by the rate of 80 ppm under 4 ton compost gave the highest significant values of all parameters in both seasons. Compost provides nutrients to the soil and improves water holding capacity. Spraying indole-3-butyric acid significantly reduces transpiration rate. Therefore, use of growth regulating substances and compost practices led to accomplish both acceptable chickpea yield quantity and quality.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Status of Potassium in Some Calcareous Soils of Egypt and Factors Affecting Its Forms1771844224710.21608/assjm.2019.42247ENMarwa M.AttiaFaculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt1Journal Article20190725The current study throw some light on potassium (K) status in some calcareous soils of Egypt as well as its relations to soil indigenous properties. To achieve the targets of this study, eight selected profiles were dug in soils of the Western Desert of Egypt, North Sinai and El-Fayum governorate. Physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses of these soils were carried out. The total and different forms of potassium in soils (<em>i.e.</em> water soluble, exchangeable and NH<sub>4</sub>OAc extractable) were evaluated.
Results of different analyses showed that the investigated soils varied in their indigenous physical and chemical properties. They also varied in their mineralogical compositions. Soil of Western Desert and North Sinai were dominated with kaolinite followed by smectite whereas soils of the other investigated areas were dominated by smectite followed by kaolinite. The studied soils varied, to some extent, in their contents of the total and different K-forms. To evaluate the effects of the indigenous soil properties on these forms of K correlation of each of these forms with the different soil properties were calculated. The most important correlations indicated that the clay content and the cation exchange capacity were of the most pronounced effect on the different K forms. However, the other soil properties although did not show significant correlations with the different K-forms, yet their influences on the K-forms cannot by neglected.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Improving of Feldspar Efficiency As Potassium Fertilization For Potato (Salenum Tuberosumi) By Using Silicate Dissolving Bacteria And Compost1851964224810.21608/assjm.2019.42248ENRAGAB M.EL ShabrawySoil, Water and Environment Res. Inst. A.R.C.Journal Article20190123A field experiment was carried out at newly reclaimed land at El-Wady Co: Farm West of Wady El-Natron, El- Bohera Governorate, Egypt during the summer season of 2015 to evaluate the effect of different levels of mineral potassium sulphate and natural rock K and their combination under some bio-activators (without addition of bioactivators, with silicate dissolving bacteria and 10 ton compost/fed) on potato plant. The results reveal that increasing potassium level improved all of the studied growth parameter (shoots fresh and dry weights/plant), yield components (number of tubers/plant and mean tuber weight), yields (shoots and tuber fresh and dry yields ton/fed) and N, P and K uptake in tuber and shoots. Addition of feldspar enhanced all of the studied growth paramters, yield and its components and N P K uptake, Combination of 75% of the recmmonded rate of potassium sulphate with 25% feldspar gave all of the studied quality and quantity parameters equal to those obtained under 100% potassium sulphate. Bio-activators enhanced all of the abovementioned studied parameters. Compost was more effective than silicate dissolving bacteria in its effect on potato quality and quantity. The treatment of 75% of the recommended rate of potassium sulphate + 25% feldspar + 10 ton/fed compostgave the highest values of potato quality and quantity parameters.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301دراسة لمستوي معارف المرأة الريفية الخاصة بالمشروعات الانتاجية الصغيرة وأهم الأنشطة التي يقدمها الصندوق الاجتماعي باليمن1972084225210.21608/assjm.2019.42252ENسعيد عباسمحمد رشادأستاذ الإرشاد الزراعى ورئيس قسم الاقتصاد الزراعي بکلية الزراعة جامعة بنهاJournal Article20190110يستهدف هذا البحث التعرف علي المستوي المعرفي للمرأة الريفية الخاصة بالمشروعات الانتاجية الصغيرة وأهم الأنشطة التي يقدمها الصندوق الاجتماعي باليمن، وتحديد العلاقة بين ذلک المستوي المعرفي وبعض المتغيرات المستقلة المدروسة، مع تحديد إسهام کل متغير من هذه المتغيرات المستقلة والمرتبطة معنويا بالمستوي المعرفي في تفسير نسب التباين الکلي الحادث في هذا المتغير التابع، فضلاً عن التعرف علي أهم المشکلات التي تواجه المبحوثات المستفيدات من قروض الصندوق الاجتماعي باليمن ومقترحاتهن لحلها.
وقد أجري هذا البحث بمحافظة صنعاء وتم اختيار اربع مديريات هي: (بني مطر، بني حشيش ، جحانة، الحيمة الخارجية). أما عينة البحث فقد تم اختيار عينة عشوائية منتظمة بلغت 154 مبحوثة تمثل نسبة قدرها 5% من شاملة الريفيات بالمديريات الأربع. هذا وقد تم جمع بيانات الدراسة من منتصف شهر مارس 2018 حتى مايو 2018 عن طريق المقابلة الشخصية بواسطة استمارة استبيان بعد أن تم اختبارها مبدئياً، واستخدم لتحليل البيانات احصائياً : المتوسط الحسابي والعرض الجدولي بالتکرارات والنسب المئوية ومعامل الارتباط البسيط لبيرسون ونموذج التحليل الارتباطي والانحداري المتعدد الصاعد.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301دراسة اقتصادية لتصنيع الزيتون فى محافظة جنوب سيناء2092204252810.21608/assjm.2019.42528ENMohamed AliAbo El NagaDepartment of Economic Studies - Economic and Social Studies Division - Desert Research CenterJournal Article20190120استهدف البحث دراسة اقتصاديات تصنيع الزيتون في جنوب سيناء بشقيها إنتاج زيت الزيتون (المعاصر)، والزيتون المخلل (معامل التخليل)، وتقدير معايير جدوى الاستثمار، والتعرف على المشاکل التي تواجه هاتين الصناعتين ومقترحات حلها في محافظة جنوب سيناء.
يتسم نشاط عصر الزيتون بارتفاع تکلفته الاستثمارية، مقارنة بالتکاليف التشغيلية السنوية لارتفاع تکاليف خطوط الإنتاج من ناحية، واعتمادها على عصر الثمار لحساب أصحاب مزارع الزيتون واستخلاص الزيت وتسويقه لحسابهم من ناحية أخرى.
بلغ العائد الإجمالى للمعصرة نحو 1.264 مليون جنيه منها مليون جنيه عائد مقابل العصر تمثل نحو 79.11% من إجمالى الإيرادات ونحو 0.264 مليون جنيه عائد مقابل بيع التفلة لحساب المعصرة تمثل نحو 20.89% من إجمالى الإيرادات.
قد بلغت نسبة التصافي للزيت نحو 17%، ونحو 33% للتفلة (المنتج الثانوي الذي يسوق لحساب المعصرة) مما يدل على جدوى التوسع في إقامة معاصر الزيتون فى محافظة جنوب سيناء فى ظل الظروف القائمة، وفى ظل تحليل الحساسية بفروضه المختلفة.
تتسم معامل تخليل الزيتون فى محافظة جنوب سيناء بارتفاع تکلفتها الاستثمارية، والتشغيلية السنوية لارتفاع تکاليف مستلزمات التخزين والمباني، وارتفاع أسعار المادة الخام (ثمار الزيتون).Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301اقتصاديات إنتاج محصول البطاطس الصيفي فى الأراضى الجديدة2212264848710.21608/assjm.2019.48487ENMohammed R.EsmaeilAgric., Economics Dept., Fac., of Agric.,, Zagazig Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20190101 استهدفت الدراسة التعرف على الکفاءة الإنتاجية والاقتصادية لمحصول البطاطس الصيفي بمنطقة النوبارية. واعتمدت الدراسة على بيانات أولية تم الحصول عليها من مفردات عينة عشوائية من منتجي البطاطس الصيفى بالنوبارية لموسم إنتاج 2017/2018.
وتوصلت الدراسة إلى التأثير الإيجابي الصيفي لعناصر الإنتاج (التقاوي، السماد البلدي، السماد الکيماوي، مياه الري، العمل البشري، والعمل الآلي) على الإنتاج من محصول البطاطس حيث أن معامل المرونة الإنتاجية لکل عنصر مستقل من عناصر الإنتاج التي تضمنتها دوال الإنتاج موجب وأقل من الواحد الصحيح وعکس بذلک علاقة الإيراد المتناقص للسعة لکل عنصر على حدة مع فرض ثبات باقي العناصر الأخرى على ماهو عليه، وتأکدت هذه النتيجة إحصائياً عند مستوى معنوية 0.01، وتبين وجود انحراف في استخدام عناصر الإنتاج المستخدمة بمزارع العينة عن المعدلات الموصى بها فنياً من قبل وزارة الزراعة والجهات البحثية، وانتهت الدراسة بعدة توصيات من شأنها تحقيق کفاءة اقتصادية أفضل لاستخدام عناصر الإنتاج لمحصول البطاطس الصيفى موضوع الدراسة.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301دراسة بعض الخواص الفيزيوکيميائية والبيولوجية في مياه الصرف المعالجة بمحطة المجمع الفندقي "دار تليل" لتحديد مدى ملائمتها لري المسطحات الخضراء – صبراته- ليبيا2272364848910.21608/assjm.2019.48489ENنجاة المبروکعونکلية العلوم/ جامعة صبراتة
ليبياJournal Article20190110نظراً للأهمية البيئية للمسطحات الخضراء ، وکونها تحتاج إلي کميات وافرة من المياه لذا تلجا بعض المجمعات إلى الاستفادة من مياه الصرف الصحي المعالجة عوضاً عن صرفها في الفضاءات الترابية المفتوحة أو البحار، لذا تتمحور هذه الدراسة حول القيام بمجموعة من التحاليل لمياه الصرف الصحي بالمجمع الفندقي "تليل" بمدينة صبراتة الهدف منها تقدير جودة وصلاحية مياه الصرف الصحي المعالجة ومدى ملائمتها لري المسطحات الخضراء بالمجمع.<br /> تضمنت التحاليل المستهدفة الخواص الفيزيائية والکيمائية والبيولوجية لمياه الصرف الصحي بالمجمع المذکور شملت: قياس الأس الهيدروجيني pH، الأملاح الذائبة الکلية TDS، التوصيل لکهربي EC، ترکيز الأيونات السالبة (الکربونات CO<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup>، والبيکربونات (HCO3-، القلوية الکلية (TA)، العسر الکلي (TH)، ترکيز الايونات الموجبة للصوديوم (Na+)، والبوتاسيوم (K+)، بالإضافة إلى ترکيز بعض المعادن الثقيلة خاصة الرصاص (Pb) والکادميوم ((Cd والزنک (Zn) والکروم Cr)) ، کمية الأکسجين الحيوي المستهلک (BOD) ومحتوى الأکسجين الکيميائي (COD).<br /> ولقد أظهرت نتائج التحاليل الکيميائية أن متوسط ترکيزات کل من الرصاص (Pb) والکادميوم ((Cd والزنک (Zn) والکروم Cr)) کانت قليلة إلى حد ما في مياه الصرف للمجمع المذکور مما يؤدي إلى امکانية استخدام مياه الصرف الصحي المعالجة بشکل تمهيدي دون استخدام عملية الکلورة وذلک لغرض ري المسطحات الخضراء وهذا غالباً ما يحدث وفق الکثير من المراجع مع طرح بعض التوصيات بأخذ الحيطة والحذر لدى القائمين على الري بالمجمع الفندقي وکذلک المتنزهين لطالما لا تتضمن مثل هذه المعالجة القضاء على کل الاحياء الدقيقة.<br /> وبشکل عام، تم مقارنة معظم النتائج والبيانات التي تم الحصول عليها من خلال الاختبارات الکيميائية والبيولوجية بالمعايير الليبية والدولية وقد أظهرت توافق إلى حد کبير جداً. <br /> <strong> </strong>Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301العائد الإقتصادي للمشروعات الزراعية الصغيرة في المناطق الصحراوية "دراسة حالة مشروع عيش الغراب"2372544854810.21608/assjm.2019.48548ENRabee MBelalDesert Research CenterJournal Article20190120<strong> </strong> تُعتبر زراعة وإنتاج عيش الغراب في المناطق الصحراوية أحد المشروعات الصغيرة أومتناهية الصغر, والتي تتصف بدخولها حديثاً إلي الإقتصاد المصري, کما يمکن تحضير البيئة اللازمة لزراعتة من المواد العضوية کلمُخلفات الزراعية مثل تبين الأرز والقمح, علي الرغم من وجود المزايا النسبية التصديرية للزراعة وإنتاج عيش الغراب في المناطق الصحراوية إلإ أن نصبيها السوقي ما زال ضئيلاً في السوق العالمي, ويستهدف البحث تقدير العائد الإقتصادي لفطر عيش الغراب کأحد المشروعات الزراعية الصغيرة في المناطق الصحراوية, وذلک من خلال تطور زراعة عيش الغراب في العالم ومصر والقيمة الغذائية والطبية, والموقف العالمي لتجارة هذا الفطر والتوزيع الجغرافي والأهمية النسبية, ويهدف البحث أيضاً ألي تحليل التکاليف ودراسة المشاکل والمعوقات لمشروع عيش الغراب بالمناطق الصحراوية, وقد اعتمد البحث على مصدريين للبيانات أولها البيانات الثانوية المنشورة من خلال الشبکة العنکبوتية للمعلومات الدولية وثابيها البيانات الأولية من خلال إستمارة استبيان لهذا الغرض وثم تجميع 30 إستمارة من المنتج عيش الغراب, 15 مزارعة من مُحافظة جنوب سيناء, و15 مزارع من طريق مصر إسکندرية الصحراوي تتنوع بين السعات المتوسطة والصغيرة, وقد أظهرت الدراسة الميزة النسبية البيئية والمناخية في المناطق الصحراوية في زراعة وإنتاج ثمار عيش الغراب, حيث تجود زراعتها طوال العام مما ينتج فرص تصديرية کبيرة لها في حالة التوسع في الإنتاج بهدف التصدير, حيث أن الطلب العالمي لعيش الغراب مُستمر طوال العام في حين الموسم الإنتاجي للدول الأوربية المنافسة ينحصر خلال فصل الشتاء فقط, کما أوضحت الدراسة الميزة الإنتاجية المصرية من آجل التصدير في زراعة عيش الغراب من خلال عينة الدراسة, حيث دلت النتائج عند الحالة الأساسية للتحليل المالي والإقتصادي وبإستخدام المعايير الأولية الغير مخصومة أن مؤشرات الربحية تشير إلي تفوق متوسط الربح السنوي في حالة توجية الإنتاج للتصدير حيث بلغ نحو 75450 جنية / طن بالمقارنة بنظيرة بالسوق المحلي والذي بلغ نحو 44950 جنية / طن وذلک بتکلفة إستثمارية منخفضة نسبية قدرت بنحو 45712 جنية / طن في حالة للسوق المحلي و نحو 46087 جنية / طن في حالة التوجيه للتصدير, وهي تعتبر تکلفة مناسبة من حيث قيمتة کمشروع إستثماري في المناطق الصحراوية بطاقة إنتاجية تبلغ 6,4 طن/ سنة لزراعتها 200متر مربع بمعدل 8 کجم للمتر بمعدل 1,6 طن تقاوي للدورة الواحدة بمعدل إنتاج أربع دورات, کما أظهرت الدراسة إرتفاع معدل العائد السنوي علي رأس المال المستثمر في کل من توجية إنتاج عيش الغراب في السوق المحلي أو التصدير إلا أن معدل العائد السنوي لرأس المال في حالة التوجيه للتصدير والذي قدر بنحو 164% يفوق نظيرة في حالة السوق المحلي والذي يقدر بنحو98%, کما أوضحت النتائج ان الکفاءة الإقتصادية وجدوي المشروع وسرعة دوران رأس المال في کل السوقين المحلي والتصدير أي أن مشروع عيش الغراب کمشروع صغير يسترد إستثمارتة قبل مرور سنة أي بعد أربع دورات في حالة توجية الإنتاج إلي السوق المحلي في حين أن فترة الإسترداد في حالة التصدير تبلغ نحو 0,6 أي قبل مرور نصف عام من عمر المشروع تعادل دورتين تقربياً وأقل من عام واحد بالمقارنة بنظيرة في السوق المحلي, کما تبين بالتحليل أن القيمة الحالية للتدفقات النقدية الصافية خلال سنة بلغت في حالة الإنتاج للتصدير نحو 223,924 جنية حيث تفوق نظيرة في حالة توجيه الإنتاج للسوق المحلي حيث بلغت نحو 133,643 جنيه, وبإستخدام معدل العائد الداخلي للحکم علي جدوي زراعة وإنتاح عيش الغراب تبين أن هذا المعدل يفوق تکلفة الفرصة البديلة في کل من توجيه الإنتاج للتصدير أو للسوق المحلي, إلا أنه في حالة توجيه الإنتاج للتصدير معدل العائد الداخلي أعلي وأکفأ إقتصادياً حيث قدر بنحو 163% وهو يفوق نظيره في حالة السوق المحلي والذي بلغ نحو 98% الأمر الذي يعکس جدوي إستخدام المشروع, وعند إجراء تحليل الحساسية للمشروع فقد دلت المؤشرات إنها إيجابية وتشجع علي التوسع في زراعة وإنتاج ثمار عيش الغراب, کما دلت النتائج بتحقيق دخل سنوي قدر بنحو 24000 جنية / سنة, أوضحت النتائج أن السوق المصرى لعيش الغراب يتمثل فى المطاعم، والقرى السياحية، والکنائس والأديرة أثناء صيام المسيحيين، فضلاً عن شرکات التصنيع الغذائى ومنافذ توزيع الخضر والفاکهه، کما أوضحت الدراسة أن أهم المشکلات الإنتاجية التى تواجه منتجى عيش الغراب يتمثل فى عدم توافر التقاوى بالجودة المناسبة, أرتفاع تکاليف مستلزمات الإنتاج وأجور العاملة الماهرة, وعدم توافر الخبرة المتعلقة بالزراعة ( البسترة ) وعدم توافر مراکز للتدريب, عدم إختيار المکان المناسب للزراعة من الناحية الفنية فى حين تبين أن أهم المشکلات التسويقية يتمثل فى سرعة تلف ثمار عيش الغراب الطازجة، وترکيز الطلب فى المناطق الحضرية ، وعدم توافر الوعى الإستهلاکى لعيش الغراب فى مصر.<strong> </strong>Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301أثر تطبيق الزراع للتوصيات الفنية علي حجم الفجوة الغذائية في کل من محصول القمح والذرة الصفراء في محافظة المنوفية.2552664855410.21608/assjm.2019.48554ENShadia Adel DarwishSakrDepartment of Agricultural Extension and Rural Community, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia UniversityJournal Article20190108استهدفت الدراسة بصورة رئيسية التعرف على أثر تطبيق مزارعي القمح والذرة للتوصيات الفنية الجديدة کأحد الآليات التي يستخدمها الإرشاد الزراعي لتقليل الفجوة الغذائية, وقد تم إجراء البحث على زراع محصولي القمح والذرة الصفراء في قرى عشما وکفرها, ميت شهالة, الشهداء, سرسنا بمرکز الشهداء بمحافظة المنوفية, وتم اختيار عينة عشوائية بسيطة بلغ قوامها200 مزارع بنسبة 5% من حجم الشاملة والبالغ 4003 مزارع, وتم جمع البيانات من خلال المقابلة الشخصية بالاستعانة باستمارة الاستبيان, وتم استخدام النسب المئوية والتوزيع التکراري وبعض مؤشرات التحليل الإحصائي مثل المتوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري. وکانت أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة کما يلى: بنسبة 68% من الزراع المبحوثين لم يطبقوا التوصية الفنية فيما يتعلق بزراعة وإنتاج محصول القمح ممثله في کمية الإضافة المناسبة من الآزوت, في حين بلغ نسبة76,5% من الزراع المبحوثين لم يطبقوا التوصية الفنية فيما يتعلق بزراعة وإنتاج محصول الذرة ممثله في وضع 2 حبة في الجورة. وفيما يتعلق بالمصادر التي يستقي منها الزراع معلوماتهم في تطبيق التوصيات جاء في المرتبة الأولى الأصدقاء والجيران بنسبة 78,5%, وجود علاقة معنوية بين تطبيق التوصيات الفنية للقمح والذرة الصفراء وبين الانفتاح الثقافي, الاتجاه نحو الإرشاد الزراعي, دور الإرشاد من وجهة نظر المزارعين، وفيما يتعلق بالمشکلات التي تواجه المزارعين في تطبيق التوصيات جاء في المرتبة الأولى قلة عدد المرشدين الزراعيين بالقرية بنسبة 95%.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301اتجاهـات الـزراع نحــو الأســـمـدة الحيـويـة بإحدى القرى الجديدة بمنطقة النوباريـة2672764856110.21608/assjm.2019.48561ENIsmail IbrahimHassanFaculty of Agriculture, Cairo, Al-Azhar UniversityJournal Article20190116استهدف البحث التعرف على خصائص الزراع المبحوثين بقرية الإمام مالک بمراقبة الانطلاق للتنمية والتعاون بمنطقة النوبارية، وتحديد درجة اتجاهاتهم نحو الأسمدة الحيوية المدروسة، وتحديد العلاقة بين المتغيرات المستقلة المدروسة للزراع المبحوثين وبين اتجاهاتهم نحو الأسمدة الحيوية.
وقد أجرى البحث فى منطقة النوبارية بمحافظة البحيرة، حيث تم اختيار مراقبة الانطلاق للتنمية والتعاون والتي تضم 13 قرية ويبلغ الزمام المنزرع بها 37684 فداناً، ويبلغ عدد الحائزين بها 10115 حائزاً، وتم اختيار قرية الإمام مالک بمراقبة الانطلاق للتنمية والتعاون باعتبارها القرية المرکزية والتى تبلغ مساحتها 4667 فداناً، وتمثلت شاملة البحث فى جميع الزراع المسجلين بکشوف الجمعية التعاونية الزراعية بقرية الإمام مالک والبالغ عددهم 1696 حائزاً (1325 من المضارين من قانون تنظيم العلاقة بين المالک والمستأجر، و260 تقنين أوضاع، و16 من شباب الخريجين، و95 فئات أخرى)، وقد تم اختيار عينة عشوائية منتظمة بنسبة 10,6% من إجمالى الزراع بالقرية، وبذلک قد بلغ عددهم 180 مزارعاً، وتم جمع البيانات خلال شهر يونيو 2017 بالمقابلة الشخصية مع المبحوثين باستخدام استمارة الاستبيان، وتم إجراء اختبار مبدئى pretest لها على 20 مزارعاً بقرية الإسراء والمعراج وهى إحدى قرى مراقبة الإنطلاق للتنمية والتعاون، واستخدم لتحليل بيانات هذه الدراسة العرض الجدولى بالتکرارات، والنسب المئوية، والمتوسط المرجح، والانحراف المعياري، ومعامل الارتباط البسيط لبيرسون باستخدام الحاسب الآلى من خلال برنامج SPSS.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301المحددات الإنتاجية والاقتصادية لمحصول الزيتون في واحة سيوة2772964856210.21608/assjm.2019.48562ENAhmed Hassan Abo ShamaAbd El SadekResearcher - Department of Economic Studies - Department of Economic and Social Studies - Desert Research Center.Journal Article20190114تشغل محافظة مطروح موقعاً هاماً علي خريطة مصر ، حيث تمثل همزة الوصل بين مصر والمغرب العربي ويمتد حدها الشمالي بطول 460کم ويحدها من الشرق محافظات البحيرة والإسکندرية والجيزة ، ومن الجنوب محافظة الوادي الجديد ، ومن الغرب الحدود المصرية الليبية بطول 400کم ، وتبلغ المساحة الاجمالية لمحافظة مطروح نحو 166 ألف کيلومتر مربع تمثل نحو 16.6٪ من اجمالي مساحة جمهورية مصر العربية<sup>(5)</sup> ، وتقع واحة سيوة في الصحراء الغربية علي مسافة نحو 305 کم جنوب مدينة مرسي مطروح ، وتبعد 65 کم عن الحدود المصرية الليبية ، وهي عبارة عن منخفض مغلق ذات منسوب (14 إلي 18 متر) من سطح البحر ، وتعتبر الزراعة هي عماد الاقتصاد بواحة سيوة ، ويعتمد توزيع الأراضي الزراعية علي توزيع آبار المياه الجوفية التي تعد المصدر الرئيسي لمياه الري ، وتعد شجرة الزيتون من المحاصيل المتحملة للظروف البيئية المختلفة من حرارة وجفاف لذا تنتشر زراعتها في معظم المناطق الصحراوية في مصر، وتعتبر منطقة الساحل الشمالي وسيوة من أهم مناطق إنتاج الزيتون في مصر حيث بلغت الرقعة المزروعة المثمرة بجمهورية مصر العربية نحو 152.27 ألف فدان ، وفي محافظة مطروح بلغت نحو 29.14ألف فدان تمثل نحو 19.14٪ من إجمالي جمهورية مصر العربية کمتوسط الفترة (2012-2016م)<sup> (9)</sup>.
أما بالنسبة لمتوسط إنتاج الفدان لمحصول الزيتون علي مستوي جمهورية مصر العربية فقد بلغ نحو 4.014طن / فدان ، وفي محافظة مطروح بلغ نحو 2.78 طن / فدان يمثل نحو 96.26 ٪ من إجمالي جمهورية مصر العربية کمتوسط لنفس الفترة ، وعن الإنتاج الکلي لمحصول الزيتون علي مستوي مصر فقد بلغ نحو 615.904ألف طن ، وفي محافظة مطروح بلغ نحو 67.74 ألف طن يمثل نحو 11٪ کمتوسط الفترة (2012-2016م).
وتجود زراعة أشجار الزيتون في مناطق عديدة ومتفرقة بالساحل الشمالي الغربي ولعل من أهمها واحة سيوة بمحافظة مطروح والتي بلغت المساحة المزروعة بها نحو12 ألف فدان تمثل نحو 41 ٪ من إجمالي مساحة الزيتون المثمرة بمحافظة مطروح والبالغة نحو 29.2 ألف فدان خلال الموسم الزراعي (2016/2017م)<sup>(4)</sup>.
وتعد الظروف المصرية مناسبة وملائمة لمحصول الزيتون حيث تعطي الأصناف المحلية أفضل إنتاجية وأعلي جودة لزيت الزيتون في العالم<sup>(6)</sup> ، لذا تُقبل العديد من الدول علي استيراده ، فضلاً عن مساهمته في تغطية جزء کبير من الفجوة الزيتية التي تعاني منها مصر حالياً مع الاستفادة من استخدام نواتجه الثانوية ضمن مکونات الأعلاف الحيوانية والأسمدة العضوية.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301القدرة التنافسية والکفاءة التصديرية للصادرات المصرية من الفاصوليا الخضراء2973084856310.21608/assjm.2019.48563ENAmina Amin KotopMoustafaJournal Article20190106 تعتبر قضية تنمية الصادرات المصرية من القضايا المحورية الهامة بسبب إعتماد عملية التنمية الشاملة والمستدامة بشکل کبير على التدفقات من النقد الأجنبى اللأزم للإستمرار فى تمويل مستلزمات خطط التنمية، کما يعتبر السعى الدائم لتنمية وزيادة الصادرات المصرية بمثابة تحقيق أحد الأهداف الرئيسية لبرامج الإصلاح الإقتصادى وهو تعديل الخلل فى الميزان التجارى (الموافى:2004)
وتعتبر تنمية الصادرات المصرية من أهم التحديات التى تواجه الاقتصاد المصرى فى ظل التغيرات الاقتصادية سواء على المستوى الدولى أوالإقليمي(الملاح:2004)، حيث شهد العالم فى السنوات الأخيرة تغيرات إقتصادية تتمثل فى الدور البارز الذى تلعبه منظمة التجارة العالمية فى مجال تحرير التجارة العالمية هذا من ناحية، ومن ناحية أخرى أصبحت التکتلات الاقتصادية الإقليمية تمثل کيانات إقتصادية کبيرة تعمل على زيادة حجم التجارة فيما بينها، وتنتهج فى تحقيق ذلک بعض الآليات الاقتصادية التى من شأنها توفير الحماية لمنتجاتها فى ظل ارتفاع حدة المنافسة فى السوق العالمى بين الدول المصدرة، بالإضافة إلى تغيير شروط التبادل التجارى الدولى(داليا:2008)، حيث تفوق معايير الجودة والکفاءة وتکاليف النقل والتداول وتکنولوجيا المعلومات والإتصالات على معايير الميزة النسبية التى تعتمد عليها النظرية التقليدية للتجارة. (سهى: 2009)
ويعتبر محصول الفاصوليا واحدا من أهم حاصلات الخضر، حيث يحتل المرتبة السادسة من حيث الإنتاج العالمي بمتوسط إنتاج قدر بنحو 270.8 ألف طن، وتحتل مصر المرکز العاشر من بين أهم الدول المصدرة لمحصول الفاصوليا على مستوى العالم، وذلک بمتوسط کمية صادرات بلغت نحو 11 ألف طن تقريباً، وهو ما يعادل 4% من إجمالي الصادرات العالمية للمحصول، وتأتى الفاصوليا الجافة فى الترتيب الخامس لقائمة صادرات الحاصلات الزراعية العاملية (منظمة الأغذية والزراعة، شبکة المعلوماتية الدولية، 2016)
وتواجه الصادرات المصرية من المحاصيل الزراعية منافسة شديدة في الأسواق العالمية في ظل التکتلات الاقتصادية الدولية الراهنة، مما يؤدى إلى تذبذب کمية الصادرات، وبالتالي العجز في الميزان التجاري، ولما کانت القدرة على المنافسة تمثل أهم العناصر اللازمة لتشجيع الصادرات فان الأمر يتطلب دراسة القدرات التنافسية للصادرات المصرية من أهم المحاصيل الزراعية في الأسواق الدولية، وبالرغم من أهمية محصول الفاصوليا الخضراء کمحصول تصدير هام يحتل مکانة متميزة بين الصادرات المصرية من الخضر ، إلا أن الصادرات المصرية من الفاصوليا الخضراء تراجعت خلال الفترة الأخيرة حيث إنخفضت الصادرات المصرية من الفاصوليا الخضراء عام 2016//2017 لتصل إلى 25 ألف طن بقيمة 36 مليون دولار(المرکز التصديرى للحاصلات الزراعى، 2017) ، لذلک تحاول الدراسة الإجابة على التساؤلات الآتية: ما هو الوضع الراهن للمساحة والإنتاج من محصول الفاصوليا الخضراء؟ وما هى الأهمية النسبية لصادرات الفاصوليا بالنسبة لصادرات الخضر وبالنسبة للصادرات الکلية؟ وما هى الکفاءة التصديرية للفاصوليا الخضراء؟ هل تتمتع الصادرات المصرية من الفاصوليا الخضراء بميزة تنافسية؟
<strong> </strong>Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Study on chemical changes and microbial contamination on cooked meat presented in some local restaurants in Basrah Governorate30931411538310.21608/assjm.2019.115383ENGhaidda ALIMakkiDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Basra. Iraq.Journal Article20200926The present study aimed at studying the bacterial and bacterial contamination of cooked meat in some of the restaurants of Basrah governorate in four regions (Algeria, Hayaniya, Republic and the region of five miles) by measuring the percentage of free fatty acids andperoxide and microbial pollution, which includes total numbers of bacteria, Alklun bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus. The results of the study showed that the highest mean of the peroxid number was the sample of the plank which reached (3.30, 3.87, 3.23, 2.74) In the Algiers region and five miles, Hayaniya and El Gomhouria, respectively. And the highest mean was 2.15 for the sample of Alkz in the region of Algeria, while the lowest average of 0.02 for the area of Hayaniya for the same sample. The preparation of total bacteria and coliform bacteria total 200 * 102 and 150 * 102 in the area of five miles where it was related to the results of the limits of the microbial specifications of the year 2000 To the prescribed limitBenha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957120190301Effect nutrition of gingr bowder and pomegranate peels on growth characteristics and meat carcass sheep31532411539110.21608/assjm.2019.115391ENGhaidda ALIMakkiDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Basra. Iraq.Journal Article20200926This study was conducted at animal field ofCollege of Agriculture,Basra University during period from 2-10-2017 to 2-1-2018. Twelve Arabi male lambs aged (4-5) months and average (20.5Kg.) of body weight were randomly selected and divided into 3 groups (4 gambs for each group).three of experiment diet were used in this study,T1: as control group which animals were given 55% barley, 44% wheat and 1% minerals and vitamins, T2: control diet plus 2.5% of powder of zingiber officinale, T3: control diet plus 2% of powder of pomegranate peels all animals fed on 2% of body weight. Experiment were continued for 90 days to study the effect of of nutrition effect nutrition of zingiber officinale and pomegranate peels on growth characteristics included body weight, total growth rate, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio. The meat samples pron ologed cooling storage at 4 °C by using plnat zingibea and punica. Chemical taste were, peroxide value, fatty acids percentage and cholesterol concentrations, and the panel tests were ; color, Flavor, tenderness, juiciness and over acceptability. The results of study showed that were significant improvement (p < 0.05) in body weight, total growth rate, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio when adding zingiber officinale and pomegranate peels. All those tests done during different storage periods<strong>.</strong> There were significant (p < 0.05) decrease in peroxide value of the meat samples in comparison with the control treatment, which reached 3.70 mm/kg fat at 6<sup>th</sup> day of storage period, whereas the raisin grape treated samples were of 2.91 and 2.46 mm/kg fat plnat zingibea and punica, the decrease in free fatty acids percentages respecting all meat which were of 0.69 and 0.47% free fatty acids,all meat in comparison with the control treatment and caused significant improvement in the panel characteristic which comprised color, flavor, tenderness, juiciness and the panel test compared to the control treatment