Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201Spraying Time of Nano Zinc Concentration in Relation to Yield and Quality of Egyptian Cotton cv. Giza 9495196010047610.21608/assjm.2019.100476ENEl-Saeed M. M.El-GedwyAgronomy Department - Faculty of Agriculture - Benha University - Egypt.Journal Article20190904Two field experiments were conducted on a clay soil at the Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station (Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt, during growing 2016 and 2017 seasons, to investigate the effect of foliar feeding by four concentrations of nano zinc fertilizer (distilled water {control}, 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm) at three foliar application times (at the squaring stage, at the flowering initiation stage and at the top of flowering stage) on growth, yield components, yield and some fiber properties for the Egyptian cotton <em>cv.</em> Giza 94. The experimental design was split plot design with four replicates. The four concentrations of nano zinc fertilizer were randomly assigned for main plots and the three times of foliar application were randomly assigned for sub-plots. Results showed that, mean values of plant height (cm), No. of sympodial branches/plant, No. of opened bolls/plant, boll weight (g), seed index (g), lint percentage (%), seed cotton yield/fed (ken), lint cotton yield/fed (ken), upper half mean length (mm), fiber strength (g/tex), micronaire value and fiber maturity ratio were significantly increased with increasing zinc concentration in the form of nano fertilizer compared to plants receiving distilled water during the both seasons, cotton plants receiving the highest concentration of nano zinc fertilizer (300 ppm) gave the maximum mean values of above traits during the both seasons. Foliar feeding at the flowering initiation stage significantly achieved maximum estimates in mean values of plant height (cm), No. of sympodial branches/plant, No. of opened bolls/plant, seed cotton yield/fed (ken), lint cotton yield/fed (ken), upper half mean length (mm) and fiber strength (g/tex) followed by foliar feeding at the top of flowering stage then foliar feeding at the squaring stage during the both seasons. Cotton plants receiving the highest concentration of nano zinc fertilizer (300 ppm) at the flowering initiation stage significantly recorded the highest mean values of No. of sympodial branches/plant, No. of opened bolls/plant, seed cotton yield/fed (ken), lint cotton yield/fed (ken), upper half mean length (mm) and fiber strength (g/tex) during the both seasons, where this combination is the best treatment for good yield and fiber properties traits for Egyptian cotton <em>cv.</em> Giza 94 under the conditions of Kafr El-Sheikh location.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201Evaluation of Selected Promising Bread Wheat lines in late Generations under Two Sowing Dates96197010047710.21608/assjm.2019.100477ENMOAMEN A. A.AglanWheat Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, EgyptJournal Article20190904Five parents and their derived F<sub>5</sub> families (12 families) and new check variety Sakha 95 were evaluated under two sowing dates, optimum sowing (OS) and late sowing (LS) dates for earliness, yield and yield components. The study was laid out in RCBD experiment in four replications in the experimental farm at Sakha Research Station, KafrElsheikh Governorate. The analysis of variance showed the presence of highly significant differences between years, sowing dates and genotypes under study. Interactions between all studied characteristics were also significant except for No. of kernels spike<sup>-1</sup> and No. of spikes m<sup>-2</sup>. Reductions in grain yield and its components were observed in the first season compared to the second season due to climatic conditions. Likewise, the values of the characteristics at the late planting date were less than the ones at the recommended date due to the effect of high temperatures at the end of the season. For the characteristics of the resistance to the rust, three families showed resistance to the three rusts in the two seasons, as well as on the two sowing dates. Therefore, these three families can be used in breeding for rust resistance.Family number 12 was the most tolerant to high temperatures at the end of the season after the comparative cultivar Sakha 95 and recorded the lowest percentage of decline in yield as a result of late planting, so it is recommended to plant them in the case of late planting. Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201Improving the Quality of Some Chicken Products with Some chemical Treatments97197810047910.21608/assjm.2019.100479ENZoubida MAwadFood Technol. Dept. Fac. Agric. Benha Univ., Egypt.Journal Article20190904The aim of this study choose the best chemical treatments for improvement the quality of chicken products such as chicken breast and chicken thigh meat, to increase the shelf life by decrease the contamination with microorganisms. So, the some chemical materials (Sodium lactate, Sodium benzoate, Lactic acid and Tri Sodium Phosphate) are used for preparation the chemical solution at several concentrations for soaking the chicken products at several periods to choose the best chemical solution and soaking time for treated chicken products. Chemical analysis, physicochemical properties, freshness tests, microbiological examination and sensory evaluation are done. The obtained data showed that the second solution which contain (lactic acid 1.5% + sodium benzoate 0.5% + tri-sodium phosphate 1.5%) and fourth solution: (lactic acid 3% + sodium benzoate 0.5% + tri-sodium phosphate 2.5%) were high reducing the microbial load and eliminating microbes. The obtained data showed that the best solutions were Sol.(2) ,Sol.(4),Sol.(3) and Sol.(1),respectively and soaking time was 45 min. Results revealed that the use of optimum combinations of chemical preservative under investigation eliminated the largest possible number of microbes and improved the quality of the chickens product. Finally it is recommended that, the results of this research could be applied in factories to improve the quality of processed chicken products and reduce the microbial load.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201Breeding Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) for Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae) Resistance97999210048710.21608/assjm.2019.100487ENAyman M.Abd RabouVegetables, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Breeding Department, Hort. Res. Inst, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20191004<em>Tetranychus urticae </em>(Koch) is important pests of cucumber (<em>Cucumis sativus </em>L.). In this context, the aim of this study was finding resistance sources in ten cucumber accessions from different genetic resources (3 from Gene bank in Netherland, 4 from Nord Gene bank in Sweden and 3 from Main Vegetables and Hybrids Production Project in Egypt). The evaluation of resistance to <em>T. urticae </em>(Koch) and bitter taste in the inbred lines was carried out under greenhouse in the Department of Vegetables Crops, HRI, Dokki, Giza, during April - May 2017. INDIA-110, CHINA-86 and EGY-118 inbred lines showed the least number of eggs and adults and less damage for<em> T. urticae </em>infection per leaf, EGY-112, EGY-114 and CHINA-117 inbred lines showed low infection and resistance. The other inbred lines showed highly infection. The evaluations for bitter showed that foliage of five inbred lines were bitter, INDIA-110 and CHINA-86 (high resistance), EGY-112 and CHINA-117 (resistance) and GUTA-105 (susceptible). The other inbred lines were bitter free where two of them were high resistant and resistant, (EGY-118 and EGY-114, respectively. INDIA-110, CHINA-86 and EGY-118 were selected as resistant parents to produce 6 hybrids using half-diallel mating design during July 2017. The results indicated that CHINA-100 and its hybrids were highly infected. On the other hand, INDIA-110, CHINA-86 and EGY-118 as well as their hybrids were high resistant. These results refer that the crossing between resistant × resistant is good specific combiner. The results of bitter taste showed that bitterness is dominance in all resistant hybrids. The other genetic studies for horticultural traits showed that EGY-118 inbred line appears good general camping.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201Effect of GA3 and Sitofex (CPPU) Spraying on Yield and Fruit Quality of "Kelsey" Plum Trees (Prunus salicina Lindl.)993100210049610.21608/assjm.2019.100496ENHassan A.EnnabHorticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20190904A field experiment was conducted during 2018 and 2019 seasons at Abu El-Matamir region, El-Bohaira governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of foliar application of GA<sub>3</sub> and sitofex (CPPU) on yield and fruit quality of eight year "Kelsey” plum trees (<em>Prunus salicina</em> Lindl.). Foliar spray of sitofex (CPPU) at 0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm and GA<sub>3</sub> at 0, 20 and 40 ppm individually or in combination were done twice at full bloom and two weeks other. Twelve treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design as split plot, gibberellic acid was assigned in the main plots while sitofex (CPPU) was assigned in sub plots. The results showed that, trees sprayed with GA<sub>3</sub> at 40 ppm + CPPU at 15 ppm or GA<sub>3</sub> at 20 ppm + CPPU at 15 ppm significantly increased fruit set %, yield (kg/ tree or ton/feddan) and some fruit physical parameters such as (fruit weight, fruit size and fruit juice). Fruit drop % was decreased compared to control and other treatments. Chemical fruit quality such as SSC %, total acidity and SSC/acid ratio were also improved as compared to control. It could be recommended that, “Kelsey” plum trees sprayed with GA<sub>3</sub> at 40 ppm + CPPU at 15 ppm or GA<sub>3</sub> at 20 ppm + CPPU at 15 ppm twice at the full bloom and after two weeks from full bloom which are considered the best combination treatments used to increasing the percentage of fruit size, yield and fruit weight as well as improving the other characteristics of fruit quality.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201Impact of NPK Bio-Fertilization on Some Growth Pomegranate of Manfaloty and Wonderful Pomegranate Transplants1003101210050210.21608/assjm.2019.100502ENRehab E. B.El-KholyHorticulture department, Faculty of agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.Journal Article20201028This study was conducted throughout the two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Fruit Nursery of Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University Qalyubeia Governorate, Egypt., to study the impact of NPK bio fertilization application on different growth parameters of Manfaloty and Wonderful pomegranate transplants at one-year- old. The eight treatments involved in this study were summarized as follows: T1-recommended doses (RD) , T2-RD NPK mineral fertilizers + Soil application of Nitrobene at 5 ml/ transplant,T3-RD NPK mineral fertilizers + Soil application of Nitrobene at 10 ml/ transplant, T4-RD NPK mineral fertilizers + Soil application of Phosphorene at 5 ml/ transplant,T5-RD NPK mineral fertilizers + Soil application of Phosphorene at 10 ml/ transplant, T6 -RD NPK mineral fertilizers + Soil application of Potasene at 5 ml/ transplant,T7- RD NPK mineral fertilizers + Soil application of Potasene at 10 ml/ transplant and T8 RD NPK mineral fertilizers + Nitrobene at 5 ml + Phosphorene at 5 ml / + Potasene at 5 ml / transplant.The result indicated that, application of T8 (RD NPK mineral fertilizers + Nitrobene at 5 ml + Phosphorene at 5 ml / + Potasene at 5 ml / transplant) caused a significant increasing in the rate of length, diameter, number of leaves, leaf area,transplant leaves area, fresh and dry weights.Moreover, T3 (RD NPK mineral fertilizers + Soil application of Nitrobene at 10 ml/ transplant)ranked statistically second in this concern. On the contrary, the least values of the abovementioned parameters were usually in concomitant to T<sub>1</sub> - Control (recommended dose) which ranked statistically last during both seasons of study.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201The Effect of Oral Dosage with Different Amounts of Linseed Oil on Some Blood Physical and Biochemical Parameters of Iraqi Awassi Lambs1013101810360310.21608/assjm.2019.103603ENAbdullah O.NuamanCollege of Agriculture -Tikrit UniversityJournal Article20190718This experiment conducted at 8/10/2018 to 10/12/2018 by using 16 lambs. The weights of the lambs between (26.64 ±0.47) Kg and the ages between (6-7) mounths, to study the effect of Oral dosage with different amount of linseed oil (LO) on some physical and biochemical blood parameters of Iraqi Awassi lambs. The experiment done by four levels of linseed oil (0%LO) (0.25%LO), (0.5%LO), (0.8%LO) ml\kg Dry matter and the hay was freely introduced. and by four treatments each of them consists of 4 lambs. The results showed high significant differences (P ≤0.01) in the fourth treatment compared with the first treatment in the concentration of hemoglobin, Hematocrit, number of Red Blood Cells, number of white blood cells, Mean Corpuscular Volume and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ( 9.81 dl / mg, 36.84%, 6.06 × 10<sup>6</sup> , × 4.29 × 10³ and 53.71 FI) respectively. while the results showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin. The results of biochemical tests showed at the beginning of the experiment that there were no significant differences between the treatments in the concentration of triglycerides, but there was highly significant (P≤0.01) decrement at the middle and end of experiment. As for the total blood protein, although there was no significant difference in its concentration at the end of the experiment, it was noted that there was a high significant differences at (P≤0.01) in the concentration of albumin and globulin middle and end of the experiment<strong>.</strong>Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201Susceptibility of some Cucumber Plant Varieties to the Infestation by Certain Piercing Sucking Insects1019102410360610.21608/assjm.2019.103606ENEMAN M. F.ARAFAPlant protection Department, Feculty of Agric. Benha University, EGYPTJournal Article20190701These experiments were carried out at Menya AL- Qamh district, Sharkia governorate, during two growing seasons of 2016 and 2017 cucumber, <em>Cucumis</em> <em>sativus</em> plants. Varieties Sahim - El-prince and Beit alpha were planted to study their infestation with some pests aphid, leafhopper, mite, whitefly and thrips and the relationship between some chemical contents (Lipids , carbohydrate, protein and pH values) of the varieties and their infestation by <em>Aphis gossypii</em> (Glov.), <em>Empoasca decipiens </em>(Paoli) <em>Empoascya decedens</em> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">(</span>Paoli). <em>Bemesia tabaci</em> (Genn.), <em>Tetranychus cucurbitacearum</em> (Sayeg), <em> </em> and <em>Thrips tabaci</em> (Lind).The obtained results showed that the susceptibilty of cucumber varieties to pest infestation could be arranged descendingly according to the number of pests as follows: Beit alpha, El -prince and Sahim. Chemical analysis results indicated the increase in protein and carbohydrate contents caused on increased the mean number of some pests infested these varieties cucumber, while studied those increase of pH values led to decrease the mean number of pests and their rate of infestation.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201Impact of Soil Heat Flux on Water Use of Quinoa1025103410360710.21608/assjm.2019.103607ENGehan G.Abdel-GhanyDesert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20190703 A field study was conducted in the winter season of 2017 at the Agricultural Experimental Station of Wadi Suder, south Sinai (D.R.C.), to evaluate the effect of soil organic matter and applied irrigation water on soil thermal conductivity, soil heat flux consequently on soil evaporation , actual water evapotranspiration (ETa) and water use efficiency (WUE) of quinoa yield(chenopodium quinoa willd). Theoretical water evapotranspiration (ETo) was calculated for each treatment using Penman-Monteith equations. Water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated as a result of cumulative improvement for studied parameters. The results reveal that soil thermal conductivity increases by24, 26 and 65% as increasing of applied water, organic matter and their interaction, respectively. While, soil heat flux correlated significantly with all treatments and soil heat conductivity. Generally, the increases were 71, 86 and 232% for organic matter, applied water and inter action, respectively. Whereas, soil heat flux increase by 0.02 mj/m<sup>2</sup>/day as a result of increasing thermal conductivity by 9.33 cal/cm/s/<sup>o</sup>c (each 1 cal/cm/s/<sup>o</sup>c of thermal conductivity enhanced heat flux by 0.002 mj/m<sup>2</sup>/day). Evaporation from soil surface increase by 0.008 mm/day as heat flux increase by 0.021mjm<sup>-2</sup>day, whilst, increasing soil heat flux (1mj/m<sup>2</sup>/day) resulted in decreasing <strong>Eta</strong> by 1.81m<sup>3</sup>/fed. Simultaneously data illustrates that increasing evaporation by 0.008mm/day led to decrease <strong>Eta</strong> by 8.92m<sup>3</sup>/fed. Thus, water use efficiency WUE increases spontaneously by (136%) and (119%) for seed and straw yield, as soil heat flux increased by 0.021mj/m<sup>2</sup>/day, respectively. From the aforementioned data, we advise by using irrigation treatment 80% coupled with 1% organic matter which save about 20% from main applied water this ratio will increase seed yield by 402kg (36%). Also, at drought condition the farmer can use irrigation treatment 60% whereas save about 39% (675m<sup>3</sup>) if it use under the same organic matter (1%) which could enhance seed yield by 27%. Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201Farmers' Attitude toward the Expansion of Growing Prickly Pears in El Nubaria Area1035104610419710.21608/assjm.2019.104197ENAmera Ahmed AhmedEidDesert Research CenterJournal Article20191021 The research was done to identify the degree of respondents' attitude toward the expansion of growing Prickly Pears at the study area, to determine the relationship between that degree and their studied independent variables, to define the degree of contribution of each of the independent variables of insignificant correlation in total variation for the change of such attitude degree. The research was carried out in El Nubaria area that characterized with a relative advantage in producing some fruit corps in general and prickly pears in particular due to the availability of the favorable environmental conditions. A systematic, randomized sample of 264 farmers of the total research group frame. Data were colleted during January and February, 2019 via personal interviews for the selected respondents using questionnaire forms including 21 items to parameter respondents' attitude toward expanding the growing of Prickly Pears after making certain that such items are being viable, stable, and constant, to present and analyze the date, Replicates, Percentage, Arithmetic Mean ,Standard Deviation, Simple Correlation Coefficient, Stepwise Digression analysis and testing the Hypotheses were used.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201Economic Study of the Foreign Demand Determinants for Egyptian Fish1047107410420210.21608/assjm.2019.104202ENAsmaa Mohamed El-TokhyBahloulFaculty of Agriculture, Benha University, EgyptJournal Article20191021The main objective of this research is to study the determinants of Egyptian fish demand during the period (2000-2018). The most important results of the research are the following:
1- Increasing the quantity and the value of Egyptian fish exports, with an annual growth rate about 18.8%, 20.4% for each of them, respectively.
2- The Egyptian fish exports depend on fresh and chilled fish export by 80%, live fish and ornamental fish by 8.55%, fresh and chilled molluscs by 6.04%, frozen fish by 3.37%, salted, dried and smoked fish 1.24% 0.43% shrimp and crustaceans of various types 0.43% processed and sliced or chopped fish, 0.32%.
3- Italy, Lebanon, and the United Arab Emirates are the most important foreign markets for Egyptian fish exports, as the value of Egyptian fish exports to these markets represents about 19.2%, 17.4%, and 8.2% of the total value of the average Egyptian fish exports during the study period.
4- The presence of an apparent comparative advantage in exporting Egyptian fish to foreign markets, where the value of this indicator increased from 59 in 2014 to 83 in 2018
5- The presence of a comparative price advantage for Egyptian fish in the Italian, the Lebanese, and the Emirati markets, where the price ratio index reached about 1.2, 1.4, and 1.8 for each of them, respectively.
6- A decrease in the penetration rate of Egyptian fish in the Italian market, which amounted about 0.5, while it was high in the Lebanese and French markets, which amounted about 11.3, 6.6, in the two markets, respectively, as a general average for the period (2013-2018).
7- The components of the Egyptian fish exports are characterized by the geographical concentration factor, where the index value reached about 0.62 in 2013 and continued to increase and approach the correct one until it reached 0.72 in 2018.
8- The decrease in the commodity diversity of Egyptian fish exports, as the value of this indicator was weak, which amounted about 0.63 in 2018.
9- The most influencing factors on the quantity of Egyptian fish exports during the study period between the determinants of global demand for Egyptian fish are both the record number of fish production in Egypt (X1), as well as the Egyptian trade policies towards fish exports (X8) as this indicates export development Egyptian fish.
10- Each of the problems and the productive technological obstacles and the marketing technology and the obstacles that relate to the nature of the export process and its procedures, and the obstacles that relate to foreign markets represent a major challenge to the access of Egyptian fish to the global market.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201The Impact of Exchange Rate liberalization On Foreign Trade in the Egyptian Agricultural Sector1075108810433910.21608/assjm.2019.104339ENEl Sayed Abd ElazimElsayed ElkhishinHigher Institute for Agricultural
Co-operationJournal Article20191022Exchange rate developments have a significant impact on the Egyptian foreign trade; especially in the agricultural sector, in a way that required assessment and investigation. In this research, we attempt to measure the impact of recent exchange rate developments through measuring the efficiency of total foreign trade and agricultural trade (imports and exports) during the period (2003-2018). Our results indicate that exchange rate changed by around 72.87% following the revolution in 2011. This indicates a devaluation in the Egyptian national currency as a result of the revolution. However, this devaluation had a positive impact on the Egyptian commodity exportsthat increased by around 38.53 % Indicating the positive impact of the revolution. On the other hand, the total value of imports increased by around 96.96% during the same period which indicates a strong negative impact of the devaluation on imports. These changes reveal the widening the gap in the trade balance during the mentioned period. The gap widened by around 264.92%. Exports coverage to imports changes by around 56.43 during the period (2003-2010) then to 38.75% during the period 2011-2018.
Total exports of agricultural products changed by around 41.3% which reveals a positive impact of the revolution on the agricultural exports. Pre-devalutaion total exports amounted around 2399 billion dollars and increased to around 2676 billion dollars; with a total increase of 11.5%. This increase is a result of the devaluation. Total agricultural imports changed by around 73.2%, indicating the negative impact of the revolution on the increase of the total value Imports of agricultural commodities and thus increase the gap in the agricultural trade balance.The agricultural trade balance gap increased by around 68.3% which reveals the negative impact of the revolution. According to the estimated aggregate agricultural exports model, an increase in exchange rate by 10% leads to an increase in total exports by around 5.86%. the positive relation between exchange rate devaluation and total exports is consistent with economic theory. Our estimated imports model shows that if exchange rate changes by 10% this leads to a decrease in total Egyptian imports by around 10.62%, thus increasing the balance of trade balance. This is also consistent with the economic theory. The rate of change in the exchange rate indicates that if the exchange rate of the US dollar against the Egyptian pound increases by 10%, this will increase the agricultural exports by 0.54 which is also consistent with economic theory. The rate of change in the exchange rate indicates that if the exchange rate of the US dollar against the Egyptian pound increases by 10%, this will lead to a decrease in total imports by 0.987%, thus increasing the balance of the trade balance. Finally, If the exchange rate of the US dollar against the Egyptian pound increases by 10%, the balance of agricultural balance will rise by 0.876%, thus increasing the balance of trade balance.
Our model revealed a positive relationship between the exchange rate as a dependent variable, total exports, balance of trade balance, agricultural exports and balance of agricultural trade balance separately as independent variables.Results also reveal an inverse relationship between exchange rate as a dependent variable and total imports and agricultural imports as independent variables. This leads to a relative decrease in trade balance and hence an increase in agricultural exports and in the agricultural trade balanceBenha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201A study of the economic efficiency of the most important cereal crops and their impact on food security1089110610440410.21608/assjm.2019.104404ENGhadaShalaby Ali MahdiEconomics Research Institute - Agricultural Research CenterJournal Article20191003Like the other developing countries whose national economies are characterized by the relative narrowness of their agricultural land area and the scarcity of their available agricultural water resources, the state has moved, since the early 1980s, to adopt an agricultural policy aimed at bringing about agricultural economic development at high rates, where the increase in the agricultural land area which has reached about 8,877 million Feddans as an average for the period (2011-2015), and thus the increase in the crop area of about 15,548 million feddans during the same period, where the condensation factor reached about 1.75, not commensurate with the steady increase in the population estimated at about 90 million people and what It will be followed by an increase in consumption.
It turns out that the cultivated area of wheat crop has taken a general annual upward trend of statistical significance of about 56,89 thousand feddans with an annual change rate estimated at about 1.94% of the average cultivated area of wheat, which is about 2940 thousand feddans during the study period. Maize yield was found to range from a minimum of about 1542 thousand feddans in 2016 AD, and a maximum of about 2259 thousand feddans in 2015 with an average estimated at 1945 thousand feddans during the study period. It was also found that the cultivated area of maize crop took an annual general upward trend with no statistically significant amount of about 1902.22 thousand feddans with an annual change rate estimated at 97.8% of the average cultivated area of maize, which amounted to 1945 thousand feddans during the same period.
It was found that the average productive costs of maize crop according to agricultural operations amounted to about 211.5, 272.4, 282.1, 593.2, 213.2, 93.8, 258.1, 116.9, and 186.8 pounds / acre, with relative importance estimated at about 6,18 %, 7,97%, 8,24%, 17,35%, 6,23%, 2.74%, 7,55%, 3.42% and 5.46% of the average total production costs for each of the land preparation operations for agriculture, seed preparation, agriculture, irrigation, fertilization, and serviceYield, pest resistance, harvest, crop transfer and other expenses for each respectively, during the period (2000-2017).
It turns out that the average production costs of wheat, according to agricultural operations, are about 174.8, 234.6, 241.9, 486.5, 76.91, 138.2, 458.7, 134.3 and 196.3 pounds / acre, and with relative importance estimated at about 4.82 %, 6,47%, 6,67%, 13,41%, 2,12%, 3,81%, 12,64%, 3,7% and 5,41% of the average total production costs for each of the land preparation operations for agriculture, seed preparation, agriculture, irrigation, fertilization, and service Yield, pest resistance, harvest, crop transfer and other expenses, respectively, during the period (2000-2017).
It turned out that the average percentage of self-sufficiency in wheat reached about 60.3% during the study period, and it ranged between a minimum of about 47.89% in 2010, with a decrease of about 12.41% of the average gap size during the same period, and a maximum It reached about 77,17% in 2005, an increase of about 16,87% over its annual average during the same period. It also turned out that the average percentage of self-sufficiency in corn was 54.51% during the study period, and it ranged between a minimum of 36.16% in 2016, with a decrease of about 18.35% of the average gap size during the same period. A maximum of about 83.12% in 2002, an increase of about 28.61% over its annual average during the same period.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201A Comparative Study of the Relative Importance of Agricultural Information Sources for Date Palm Farmers in Some Desert Areas1107112410440510.21608/assjm.2019.104405ENHassan Mahmoud HassanShafeyExtension Department – Socio-economic Studies Division – Desert Research CenterJournal Article20200722This research aimed to compare the relative importance of agricultural information sources for palm farmers in some desert regions through achieving the following sub-goals: 1) Determine the sources of agricultural information from which the researchers obtain their information on date palm, and compare the relative importance of these sources from their perception. 2) Determine the type of the existing relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers and their exposure level to agricultural information sources. 3) Determine the degree of contribution of the relevant independent variables to the explanatory overall variation to the degree of respondents' exposure to agricultural information sources in the studied desert areas. 4) Extract the research contents and using them as a basis for setting the pillars to raise the efficiency of agricultural information sources in palm cultivation aiming to develop a future extension and information services. The research was carried out in three desert regions by selecting a simple random sample of 411 respondents, representing (10.0%) of the farmers, according to the statistics lists of the farmers who own palm trees. These lists are from the Statistics Department in the agricultural branches in the different regions. The first region is Kharga Center in the New Valley Governorate. The sample is 156 respondents from the farmers of El-Munirah village, and El-Sherka village; 71 and 84 respondents respectively. The second region is Bahariya Oasis in Giza Governorate; the research was conducted on a sample of 140 farmers from two villages Al-Bweiti and Al-Hayz; the sample was 45 and 95 respondents respectively. The third is Siwa Center in Matrouh Governorate; the research was conducted on 115 farmer respondents in two villages Al-Maraki and Agromi; the sample was 50 and 65 respondents respectively. The final data was collected through personal interview with the respondents using a questionnaire, from July 2018 to October 2019, and then it was uploaded and scheduled on SPSS program.The Pearson correlation coefficient was used in analysing the data, to test the relationship between the degree of farmers’ exposure to the sources of agricultural information in the research areas (as a dependent variable) and the studied independent variables. Step-wise model was used to determine the contribution ratios of each significant, independent correlation variable in clarifying the total difference of change regarding the exposure degree to the agricultural information sources in the research areas. In addition to numerical count, frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, and weighted average mean are used to display some of the achieved results, using SPSS program.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201An Economic Study of the Impact of Agricultural Policies on Maize1125114210473810.21608/assjm.2019.104738ENHosam Eldin MohamedSeddikAssociate professor of Agricultural Economics- Higher Institute of Agricultural CooperationJournal Article20191025The research deals with measuring the impact of agricultural policies for the maize crop in Egyptduring the period (2000-2018), through study of production, consumption, imports, prices of maize, wholesale and retail, measurement of policy matrix analysis. Analysis of the partial equilibrium model of maize , calculation of nominal protection factors, effective, net social returns and loss, on producer and consumer, distributional effects of producers and consumers, total government revenues, foreign exchange earnings for the maize during the study period. It also deals with estimating the marketing efficiency, distribution of consumer Egyptian pound for the maize during the study period, estimating the consumption demand function, external import function of maize, forecasting the gap of maize until 2025, through the four standard models: Increase in demand, straight line model of trend equations, Braun single-parameter model for the double-sided exponential smoothing, Holt double-sided model for the double-sided exponential smoothing.
In order to identify the impact of agricultural policy on the maize , the study period (2000-2018) was divided into two time periods, the first period is in the period before the revolution and exchange rate liberalization policies (2000-2010), while the second period is in the post-revolution period and exchange rate liberalization policies (2011-2018), while the results of development of prices shows the increasing in the prices of producer, wholesale, consumer of maize by about 175.8%, 165.3%, 148.9% during the period policies Second about the first period of study.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201An Economic Study of Wheat Crop Cultivation Methods in Sharia Governorate1143116210474010.21608/assjm.2019.104740ENKamel Salah El-DeenMohamedSenior Researcher - Agricultural Economics Research InstituteJournal Article20191025<strong>The wheat crop </strong>is considered one of the most important agricultural crops that are of interest to the makers of the Egyptian agricultural economic policy, as it is one of the most important food crops in Egypt which is used in the manufacture of bread, which is the nerve of food, and is considered the first strategic crop according to food security considerations, the most important of which is the criterion for securing basic needs from Food for the citizen, and according to the value of its imports funded from the proceeds of foreign exchange, then the successive agricultural policies aim to try to achieve increasing rates of self-sufficiency in wheat ,The most important results obtained were <strong>The most important </strong>indicators of economic efficiency were that the profit of the pound spent in the traditional farming method was 1.02 pounds, rose to 1.23 pounds in the way of cultivation on terraces, rose to a maximum of cultivation in the caravan of 1.30 pounds, and this means that the profit of the pound spent in the cultivation method in the caravans exceeds that of the traditional farming methods and farming on terraces By about 0.28 pounds, 0.07 pounds, respectively. Also, the total marginal surplus amounted to 12322 pounds by conventional agriculture, 13132 pounds by planting on terraces, and 14111 pounds by cultivation by car-styling, and this means the total marginal surplus of the method of cultivation in the carpentry exceeds that of its method in a way Traditional agriculture and agriculture on terraces by about 1789 pounds, 979 pounds, respectively. As for the incentive of the product amounted to about 77 piasters by the traditional farming method, it rose to about 80 piasters, both agriculture on terraces and agriculture in the carriage volume of imports of wheat from 7 million tons (the size of the wheat gap) to 2.6 million tons, and H. Equivalent to $ 994.4 million, at an average price of (US $ 226 / ton)Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201The effect of the change Crop Composition in Agricultural employment1163118410515810.21608/assjm.2019.105158ENRehab Attia HashemAwadAgri. Economic Research Institute. Economic Research centerJournal Article20190727-The most important results indicate that the first model achieved with it the same area of the current crop composition, but it achieved a saving in the amount of water consumed and amounted to about 7.39 billion m 3, while it also achieved a decrease in the total costs by about 2.44 million pounds, and has achieved a greater net return from the current installation About 5.94 million pounds, while he did not achieve a change in the size of the labor used in crop composition from the current composition, but he distributed that used labor in a way that is consistent with the goal of research and distribute it with crops that are labor-intensive and have a higher net return.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201An Economic Study for Olive Crop Production in Bir Al-Abd Center North Sinai Governorate1185119410516010.21608/assjm.2019.105160ENRoqayah HasanGabrAgricultural Economics - Faculty of Agriculture - Zagazig University – Egypt28307251300163Journal Article20200727The research aimed to study the productive conditions of the olive crop in North Sinai Governorate by achieving several sub-goals such as: an analysis of the structure of production costs and revenues and the net yield of the olive crop in the farms of the study sample, statistical measurement of the most important factors affecting the productivity of the olive crop by estimating the production function, the statistical estimate of the functions of production costs, Analyzing the productive problems facing olive producers with a sample study and proposals for solving them.
The research reached these results, the most important of which are:
1- The total fixed costs amounted to 1650 pounds, representing about 44.46% of the total costs of olive acres.
2- The total variable costs amounted to 2061 pounds per acre, representing about 55.54% of the total costs, and the average share per kilogram reached 62 piasters from the total variable production costs.
3- The total costs amounted to 3711 pounds per acre. The average kilogram per share reached 1.12 pounds from the total production costs.
1- The average acre productivity was about 3.30 tons / acre, with an average revenue of 5775 pounds.
2- The presence of a positive (positive) and statistically significant relationship between the quantity of the resulting olive yield in the study sample and the number of trees (acre density) used by municipal fertilizer, the amount of human work, the number of irrigation hours, and this means that the increase in the user from these variables or one of them leads to an increase in productivity Acres of olives according to their ability to influence the amount of production. While there is a negative (negative) and statistically significant relationship between the quantity of the resulting olive harvest and the area of the farm, and the one used from pesticides.
6- By increasing each of the number of trees (acre density), used by human labor, the amount of municipal fertilizer, the number of irrigation hours by about 1% (with other factors constant), the output of olives among the sample farmers increases by 0.364% 0.301%, 0.214%, 0.124 %, respectively.
The research ended with some recommendations that would advance the promotion of olive cultivation and production in North Sinai.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201An Economic Study for Hatchery Plants in Sharkia Governorate1195120610517410.21608/assjm.2019.105174ENTahany Saleh MohamedBaumyAgricultural Economics Research InstituteJournal Article20190727The study aimed to identify the current status of hatchery laboratories in Egypt in general and Sharkia Governorate in particular. And study the problems facing those laboratories to raise their technical and economic efficiency. The importance of the study is due to the possibility of identifying the factors that affect the efficiency of the economic performance of the industrial hatchery laboratories in Sharkia governorate, and thus positive factors can be activated and activated and discouraging and limiting negative factors.
The study relied on analyzing the data and presenting its findings on the descriptive and quantitative methods represented in the growth rate, percentages, coefficient of difference, and determining factor. In addition to using the apparently unrelated linear regression equations model, and finally some indicators of productive economic efficiency.
The study also relied on two main data sources, the first of which was primary data for a field study conducted in Sharkia governorate and targeting medium and large-scale industrial hatcheries using a questionnaire designed specifically for this purpose. The second is published and unpublished secondary data from official bodies such as the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, and the Directorate of Agriculture in the East. In addition to some specialized websites.
An intentional sample of artificial hatchery plants of large and medium capacities was chosen from administrative centers with desert backs, according to the records of the Animal Production Department of the Directorate of Agriculture in the Sharkia Governorate. Most of the industrial hatchery plants are concentrated in the Husayniyah and Bilbeis centers, and therefore the two centers are focused on. The sample was taken from both licensed and unlicensed laboratories. The sample size of the study was 60 laboratories.
The study reached several results, the most important of which are: that by studying the average area on which the plant is located, it turned out that it amounted to about 11.35 carats with a number of hatcheries of about 8 hatcheries, and by studying the storage capacity it was found that the absorptive capacity of the plant reached about 920 million eggs annually while the energy reached Operating about 727,89 thousand eggs.
The employment rate for hatchery laboratories in the study sample was about 79.12%, the percentage of lost employment is about 20.88%, and the average fertilization rate has reached about 85%, while the average percentage of hatching was about 82.06%, and it has been shown that the average
The screening rate was about 0.94%, which indicates the low efficiency of the hatching process.
And by studying the capital costs of the project as a whole, it amounts to about 10.29 million pounds. And by studying the average costs and revenues
Hatching batch with a field study sample shows that the total costs have reached about 237,975 thousand pounds, of which operating costs represent about 64%, while rent represents about 36%. It was also found that the total revenue of the factory amounted to about 273,429 thousand pounds, bringing the net return to about 35,454 thousand pounds annually. The profitability of the pound invested in the hatchery process was about 0.15 pounds, which means that the invested pound is able to achieve 15% of its value as an annual return when investing in the hatchery plant. The ratio of total revenue to total costs was about 1.15, while the ratio of total revenue to operating costs was about 1.80. The total margin was about 121.20 thousand pounds.
The study also revealed that there are many problems facing hatchery laboratories in the sample of the study, the most important of which are: the lack of chicks prices in the market, and therefore laboratories may be exposed to loss due to the high costs of spawning and the low return from their sale, the instability of employment and dependence on temporary labor significantly, and the scarcity of expertise required for the spawning field .
To raise the efficiency of hatchery performance, it was found that there are many methods, the most important of which are: setting a fixed price for chicks that takes into account production costs in addition to a profit margin, establishing training courses for workers in this field through the use of scientific and practical experiences, and orientation towards the use of alternative and safe energy such as solar energy , And reduce losses from hatchery eggs through the use of expertise and skills development for workers, and finally encourage scientific research towards the use of hatchery waste in a safe and environmentally friendly way.Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041957420191201The Suggested Cropping Pattern of The under risk water deficit Expected in Egypt1207121818664410.21608/assjm.2019.186644ENYasserM. AhmedWater Management Research Institute, National Water Research Center, Delta Barrages. EgyptJournal Article20210801Egypt's water resources will be reduced in the future because of the region's climate, regional and political changes, which will consequently affect Egypt's Water allocated to agriculture, which reaches 61.5 and accounts for about 85% of the total water resources of 74.4 billion m3. Therefore, it was necessary to carry out this study, one of the most important objectives of which is to develop different scenarios for crop structures that reduce the negative effects resulting from the future exposure of Egypt to water shortage expected. The non-linear programming method was applied to determine the optimum crop of reach the best efficiency water use in irrigation, where three scenarios have been formulated for different crop structures when Egypt is exposed to water deficit estimated at 12, 18 or 24 billion cubic meters of water, including both Nile resources and agricultural wastewater. omposition according to the objective of maximizing the yield of the water unit.
The presence of negative effects on the Egyptian cropping structure as a result of a deficit in water resources ranging from 25-50%, which leads to a reduction of the cultivated area of winter, summer and Nile crops, which affects the reduction of total crop area by 20-40%, which leads to a decrease in yield of agricultural production The total is about 18-38% and this leads us to take the necessary measures to reduce that problem.