Benha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041952420141201Effect of crop sequence and nitrogen levels on rice productivity45146011189410.21608/assjm.2014.111894ENJournal Article20141001Two field trials were conducted at the farm of El-Gemmiza Agriculture Research Station in 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 to study the effect of three nitrogen (N) levels and three crop sequences; CS1 (wheat / rice), CS2 (fahl berseem/sugar beet/rice) and CS3 (faba bean/rice) on the productivity of rice. Three levels of nitrogen used for rice crop were as follows: 75% kg N/fed. (N1), 100% kg N/fed. (N2) and 125% kg N/fed (N3) of the recommended N fertilizer rate for rice (70 kg N/fed). The experimental trial was based on a split plot design in a randomized complete block arrangement having three replications.
Results showed that crop sequence has significant increased grain yield/fed, plant height, straw yield/fed, panicle grains weight and no of filled grain/ panicle in both seasons, except, panicle length in the second season.
Straw yield and grain yield, 1000-grain weight and No of panicle/hill of rice were significantly affected by nitrogen levels in both seasons, and unfilled grains (%), plant height, No. of filled grains/panicle and panicle grains weight in the first season and panicale length in the second season.
The crop sequence of CS3 (faba been/rice) had great effect on the productivity of rice yield and yield components. Grain yield and most attributes were significantly affected by nitrogen fertilizer in both seasons. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels up to 125% kg N/fed of the recommended nitrogen rate of rice resulted in marked increases in grain yield (t/fed), straw yield, 1000-grain weight and No. of panicle/hill in both seasons.
The highest gross return was obtained with CS2.
Generally, it can be concluded that fertilizing with 125% kg N/fed of the recommended nitrogen rate of rice could improve the productivity of rice crop under the conditions of the present study. Higher rice yields were obtained after legume based sequence (CS3).https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_111894_918342fe58fc3c65825c1e9c2fc09585.pdfBenha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041952420141201Effect of sowing dates on quinoa grains and its chemical composition46146811189510.21608/assjm.2014.111895ENJournal Article20141001Growing field crops under harsh conditions of arid environment in sandy soils is one of the biggest challenge facing food security especially for small-scale holdings. Quinoa(<em>Chenopodium quinoa</em>Willd.),the newly introduced food crop can replenish part of food gap, since; the crop is drought-salinity tolerant and can grow in sandy soil of arid and semi-arid regions and with other most harmful abiotic adverse factors that affect crop production. Field trial was carried out in Ismailia Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center,Egypt during 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 winter seasons to study the response of Quinoa CV Titicaca to three sowing dates i.e., 15<sup>th</sup> of November, 1<sup>st</sup> of December and 15<sup>th</sup> of December under sandy soil using sprinkler irrigation system.
Results revealed that sowing quinoa on 15<sup>th</sup> of December resulted in maximum plant height of 57.73 and 61.50 cm, No. of branches/ plant of 11.33 and 12.08, weight of the main head 9.85 and 11.16 g, 1000-grain weight of 2.65 and 2.78 g grain yield /plantof 12.43 and 13.95 g, grain yield /fed of 556 and 622 Kg /fed, and net return of 1,395 and 1,560 LE/fed. in first and second seasons.
Moisture, ether extract, crude protein, crude fiber, ash and carbohydrates contents of quinoa were 9.61, 3.93, 13.97, 10.31, 3.67 and 68.12 %, respectively. In addition, quinoa grains had higher contents of most essential amino acids, especially lysine.Also, quinoa grains had higher contents of minerals especially Zn, Fe, Mg and Ca. Finally, Quinoa grains could be introduced in bakery products to improve its nutritional value. It is a good source of nutrientsespecially for children and also for people who suffer from celiac disease (allergy to gluten), as a gluten-free crop.https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_111895_0edb517673e25f55608827dfdc14411a.pdfBenha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041952420141201Biochemical Studies on Carob46948011189610.21608/assjm.2014.111896ENJournal Article20141001Water, methanol and ethanol were used to extract total phenols, total tannins, and flavonoids from carob (Ceratonia siliqua L) by using different methods. The obtained extracts were used to study their antioxidant activity and their antimicrobial effect against some Gram positive bacteria ( <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Listeria monocytogenese, Bacillus megaterium</em> and <em>Bacillus cereus</em>), some Gram negative bacteria ( <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumonia</em> and <em>Salmonella typi</em>) and some fungi ( <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em>). Also, carob fiber and water extract were used to study their biological effects against diabetic and hypercholesterolemia in Wister rats. Water extract at 50°C for 20 min showed the highest capacity for extracting total phenols, total tannins and total flavonoids compounds from carob. Methanol extract at 50°C for 20 min and at 25°C for 24 h recorded the highest antioxidant activity. Some carob extracts recorded inhibition for the tested microorganisms except <em>salmonella typhi</em> which did not affected. Administration of carob fiber and water extract showed significant decrement in blood serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), urea and creatinine in diabetic and hypercholesterolemia rats while, high density lipoprotein (HDL) elevated. Administration of carob fiber and water extract induced significant incrementin white blood cells (WBC) in diabetic groups. While, hypercholesterolemia group administrated with carob fiber showed significant increment in Red blood cells (RBC) count and carob water extract showed increment in RBC count and decrement in WBC count.https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_111896_d08fbda2ddba03ccda86f1eb78ae403f.pdfBenha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041952420141201Biochemical Studies on Pomegranate48149411189710.21608/assjm.2014.111897ENJournal Article20141001Water, methanol and ethanol were used to extract total phenols, total tannins, anthocyanin, flavonoids and antioxidants activity from pomegranate peels (<em>Punica granatum</em> L) by using different methods. The obtained extracts and juice were used to study their antimicrobial effects against some Gram positive bacteria ( <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria</em> <em>monocytogenese, Bacillus megaterium</em> and <em>Bacillus cereus), </em>some <em> </em>Gram negative bacteria ( <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumonia </em>and <em>Salmonella</em> <em>typi</em>) and some fungi (<em>Aspergillus niger</em> and<em> Candida albicans</em>). Also, pomegranate juice and peel water extract were used to study their biological effects against diabetic and hypercholesterolemia in Wister rats. Water extract at 50°C for 20 min showed the highest capacity for extracting total phenols, total tannins, anthocyanin and total flavonoids compounds from dried pomegranate peels. Methanol extract at 50°C for 20 min recorded the highest antioxidant activity. All extracts recorded good inhibition for all the tested microorganisms. Administration of pomegranate juice and peel water extract induced significant decrement in blood serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), urea, uric acid and creatinine in diabetic and hypercholesterolemia rats while, high density lipoprotein (HDL) elevated. Hematological parameters showed significant increment in white blood cells (WBC) in the diabetic group and in hypercholesterolemia group administrated with pomegranate juice red blood cells (RBC) and WBC showed significant increment.https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_111897_ae14441332c992bf637be55bac094c8f.pdfBenha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041952420141201Production and evaluation of some extruded food products using spirulina algae49551011189910.21608/assjm.2014.111899ENJournal Article20141001In this study, spirulina which is one of the blue-green algae rich in protein 61.57% and contains a high proportion of essential amino acids (38.81% of the protein) and a source of naturally rich in vitamins especially vitamin B complex such as vitamin B12 (193 μg / 100 g) and folic acid (9.66 mg / 100 g), which helps the growth and nutrition of the child brain, also rich in calcium and iron it containing (1043.62 and 338.76 mg / 100 g, respectively) to protect against osteoporosis and blood diseases as well as a high percentage of natural fibers. So, the spirulina is useful and necessary for the growth of infants and very suitable for children, especially in the growth phase, the elderly and the visually appetite. It also, helps a lot in cases of general weakness, anemia and chronic constipation. Spirulina contain an selenium element (0.0488 mg/100 g) and many of the phytopigments such as chlorophyll and phycocyanin (1.472% and 14.18%), and those seen as a powerful antioxidant. It ensures the whole food and alkaline balance of the body. The spirulina used in the production of snack food by some addition percentages zero, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5%. Data of sensory evaluation results showed that the adding spirulina by ratio 12.5% had lower score for most properties compared to other tested. The chemical analysis was done, the obtained data showed that the add spirulina a large role in increasing protein ratio and ash where the results were (9.43 - 18.11%) and (1.31 - 2.67%) for the samples the control sample and 10% spirulina. The physical properties measurement were done, such as density, the expansion rate, grain index, WSI and WAI, the results showed that the adding rate of spirulina was improvmant the physical properties of the snacks. It was safety study microbiology samples prepared by adding snack spirulina and all samples were microbiologically safe. Rheological properties were measured for snacks samples by using (Instron universal testing machine model 4301) for measuring textures, all texture parameters were improved and increased constants textures add spirulina and was at the same time economical cost and therefore can be produced for domestic use as well as can be exported abroad.https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_111899_f7a6f5224490e3e0bedc1e4bdec45977.pdfBenha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041952420141201Effect of Two Stimulating Substances on Fruiting and Fruit Quality of Picual and Manzanillo Olive Cultivars.51152111190110.21608/assjm.2014.111901ENJournal Article20141001<em> </em>
This study was carried out through 2012 and 2013 seasons to study the effect of mono-potassium phosphate (MKP) 0.3% and Hokley alpha (naphthalene acetic acid (NAA 0.45%) + naphthalene acetamide (NAD 1.2%) as foliar application on fruiting and fruit quality of <strong>“</strong>Picual<strong>” </strong>and<strong> “</strong>Manzanillo<strong>” </strong>Picual and Manzanillo olive cvs. planted in a private farm in an orchard 9 years pld at Cairo Alexandria Desert Road planted at 4X 6 meters apart. Most tested treatments revealed positive effects and improved fruit set, yield, fruit characters and fruit oil content. Moreover, the tested treatments reduced the number of dropped fruits and improved fruit retained. The most effective treatment was the spray of MKP at 1<sup>st</sup> February + Hokley alpha (NAA + NAD) before flowering then at 40 % flowering through enhancing tree yield and oil content, moreover besides reducing alternate bearing.https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_111901_3cf66e07e944ee98b072bea4c1f3b93e.pdfBenha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041952420141201Response of two garlic cultivars (Allium sativum L.) to some sources of organic and inorganic fertilizers.52353211190210.21608/assjm.2014.111902ENJournal Article20141001Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive winter seasons of 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 under newly reclaimed sandy soil at Sadat City, Menoufia governorate, Egypt. The aim of these experiments is to study the response of two garlic cultivars namely Balady and clone Sids-40 to nitrogen fertilizer sources in the form of organic sources (botanical-waste compost, animal waste compost and animal –botanical-waste compost in addition to inorganic fertilizer (NPK) 100 % of the recommended does (120, 80, 70 kg fed -1 of NPK fertilizers respectively) + (20 m3) cattle manure as control treatment and the effect of that on the vegetative plant growth expressed as plant height, number of leaves per plant and fresh as well as dry weight of whole plant , chemical composition and yield of garlic plant. A split plot design with three replicates was used where the two garlic cultivars, Balady and Sids-40 were located in the man plots. While nitrogen fertilizer in the form of organic and inorganic was randomly applied in the sub plots .Obtained results indicated that the highest values of plant height and fresh and dry weight of whole plant as well as total produced yield/ fed., were obtained in case of cv. Balady while the highest number of leaves / plant was recorded in case of cv. Sids-40 plants Sids-40 cultivar gave the maximum bulb weight clove weight and total fresh yield in relative to the other tested garlic cv. In this respect, nitrogen at 120 kg /fed as a 100% of recommended dose in the form of inorganic and organic fertilizer (botanical waste compost) reflected the highest values in all studied growth and yield traits compared with other tested treatments in both seasons.
Finally it could be concluded that under such condition planting cv. Sids-40 and fertilizing with 100% of the recommended dose in the form of organic and inorganic was recommended for higher yield with good quality of garlic.https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_111902_efc7e1e9881b8fdba6b65924926375d8.pdfBenha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041952420141201Studies on the inheritance of some characters in pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata Poir. ).53354111190310.21608/assjm.2014.111903ENJournal Article20141001These experiments were carried out at El-Kanater El-Khyreia, Horticulture Research Station of Hort. Res. Institute, during three successive summer seasons of 2012, 2013 and 2014. Two pumpkins, <em>Cucurbita moschata </em>Poir<em>. </em> viz., White Libi and Balady were used in studying the inheritance of average fruit weight, fruit shape index, flesh thickness, total carbohydrates, total soluble solids (TSS) and β carotene contents. In 2012 the two parents were planted in the field during summer season to produced the seeds. In summer season of 2013 the plants were selfed to produce the require seeds. In the third season, the four populations, i.e., , , and , were evaluated . The estimated heritability values were 74.8% for average fruit weight, 82.5% for fruit shape index, 69.4% for flesh thickness, 76.3% for total carbohydrates, 66.6% for total soluble solids and 63.4% for β carotene content. Data obtained indicated that all characters are controlled by 2 – 5 pairs of gene. Complete dominance for high parent was found in total carbohydrates and complete dominance for the low parent was found in fruit shape index. Partial dominance for the high parent was found in average fruit weight, flesh thickness and β carotene content. Incomplete dominance was found in total soluble solids (TSS). Obtained high broad sense heritability for all studied attributes, lead to suggest that considerable improvement through breeding and selection could be achieved.
In conclusion, these results demonstrate the possibility of improving the breed specifications cultivar Balady by hybridization with cultivar white Libi leading to improved fruiting specifications for this product.https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_111903_eda1d18f603dc6d9a935c91b30f0a538.pdfBenha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041952420141201Relative Importance of some Natural Products acting as Pesticides Alternatives against Tetranychus urticae Koch, (Tertranychidae : Acari)54354711190510.21608/assjm.2014.111905ENJournal Article20141001Eight kinds of natural botanical origin oils (three fixed and five essential) were investigated through lab. experiment and another field applied experiment on the <em>Tetranychus urticae</em> in kidney beans plantations.The two main techniques: 1 – dipping disc bioassay and 2- spray.Observations lasted along the life cycle.Number of dead individuals and their percentages during the first 3 days were taken as indicator for the ascending ranking of the eight kinds of oils, in comparison with water as a control.Results of the lab. experiments revealed that the eight investigated compounds were categorized in 3 groups: The first one include Ginger, Garlic and Thyme oil with mortality percentage 58.33, 53.33 and 52.22%, respectively. The second group, have a medium effect contains: Sun – flower seed, row cotton seed and linseed oil, respectively. The Third group contains basil and mandrine oil which recorded the lowest values directly before the control treatment.
Results also showed that the total numbers of dead individuals in dipping technique were considerably higher than those of spray case. The three (3) oils of first group were conducted in a field experiment to spray kidney been plantation in, Kafr el Tawila, village, Dakahila Governorate against <em>T.urticae</em>. Results showed that garlic oil was the highest effect followed with thyme and ginger oils, respectively.https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_111905_4799483208cf0c771ca5897bb02e2c19.pdfBenha University; Faculty of AgricultureAnnals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor1110-041952420141201Biological Control of Gray Mould Disease Caused by Botrytis cinerea on Strawberry Fruits54955811190610.21608/assjm.2014.111906ENJournal Article20141001Different bio-agents and biocides were applied under greenhouse and field conditions in two successive seasons (2010/11 &2011/12) to study their efficiency in controlling the gray mould disease on strawberry fruits.<em> Trichoderma asperellum</em> was the most effective one among the tested bio-agents, where it reduced the disease incidence DI% and disease severity DS% caused by <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> during the two seasons followed by <em>T. hamatum</em> and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>. Blight Stop biocide proved to be the most efficient biocide in decreasing the gray mould disease and increasing strawberry fruit yield, while, Rhizo-N was the least effective biocide in controlling the gray mould disease on strawberry fruits. Increasing the interval time between sprayings increased disease incidence, where 6-days interval time were more effective than 12 days in decreasing the gray mould infection with all tested biocides. Spraying the plants with Blight Stop combined with Plant Guard was the most effective combination among the tested biocides in decreasing the gray mould incidence and gave highest yield. Fruit rot incidence on grown plants, under field conditions were decreased by spraying plants with each one of the tested biocides or combinations between them.https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_111906_404811a0adfdb60d2ce4552807915106.pdf