Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Genomic Selection: Towards Meeting Challenge of Food Security
1
8
EN
Hamdy
Abdel-Shafy
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University
hamdyabdelshafy@agr.cu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.183328
Breeding is a powerful science and remains a core component of most agriculture production. Although traditional selection has proven to be a successful approach for improving animal and plant production in the last decades, several studies have reported a worrying shortage between the current rates of production and expected global future demands for food. These challenges, coupled with a constant loss of suitable land for agricultural production, needs to implement new breeding strategies to significantly increase the genetic gain and meet the future requirements. Recent advances in genotyping capacity with affordable costs have allowed selection based on genomic information. These technologies would reshape the breeding programs, accelerate the genetic gain and maximize the productivity per unit. Although this concept was suggested many decades ago, the applications of marker-assisted selection were limited due to the low number of genotyped markers and low number of identified QTL. In contrast, genomic selection (GS) utilizes the dense genetic markers across the whole genome to predict the effect of all QTL that are assumed to be in linkage disequilibrium with at least one genetic marker. Nowadays, GS is widely implemented in several species for breeding purposes and attracted attention for human disease risk predictions. It has been proven for many traits to double the rate of the genetic gain and reduce the generation interval, which would efficiently contribute to more food security. Here, we introduce the general concept of GS, and briefly describe the GS models along with the recent progress in some farm animal species.
complex traits,genomic prediction,livestock species,whole genome sequencing
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183328.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183328_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Molecular Approaches of Candidate Genes in Genetic Improvement Programs in Poultry
9
30
EN
Maher
Khalil
0000-0002-6929-3011
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University, 13736, Egypt
maher.khalil@fagr.bu.edu.eg
Mahmoud
Iraqi
0000-0001-5633-9191
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University, 13736, Egypt
mahmoud.iraqi@fagr.bu.edu.eg
Medhat
Saleh
0000-0002-1868-5779
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University, 13736, Egypt
medhat.saleh@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.183334
In poultry, selection programs through quantitative genetics are time consuming in case of lowly heritable traits. Several genes that to be used in selection are regarded as candidate genes that affecting economic traits in poultry and these candidate genes have successful approaches in identifying several DNA markers associated with production and reproductive traits. Candidate genes are one of the primary methods to determine the specific genes related to the economic traits and molecular genetics techniques can be used to identify these genes or their chromosomal regions in terms of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) that affect these traits. Using biotechnology techniques are the best way to achieve this fast genetic improvement. This approach has enabled opportunities to enhance genetic improvement programs in poultry by direct selection on genes or genomic regions that affect economic traits through marker-assisted selection (MAS) and gene introgression. Mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) was the perfect approach to identify genes related to complex traits at genome-wide level. Recently, genome wide association study (<strong>GWAS</strong>) was used to identify the casual genes affecting economic traits in poultry using sequences variations mainly single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Many genes for growth and egg production were identified in poultry using <strong>GWAS</strong> method. The objectives of this reviewed article are: 1) To apply a fine chromosomal mapping for localizing the QTL affecting economic traits in the F<sub>2</sub> population using specific microsatellite markers or SNP's in chickens and possibly identify candidate genes and causative mutations associated with the economic traits, 2) Determining the molecular markers to be used for evaluating the genetic variability among poultry breeds, 3) Reporting and characterizing the candidate genes to be used in genetic improvement programs, 4) Detecting the molecular associations between candidate genes and growth, feeding and egg traits and disease resistance responses, 5) Determining the SNP genotypes and their associations with growth and feeding performances, egg traits and disease resistance responses, 6) Defining the genetic model for detecting the molecular associations between SNP genotypes of candidate gene and economic traits, 7) Performing genome wide association study (GWAS) in order to detect potential causative mutations and genomic regions affecting productive and reproductive traits in chickens, 8) Applying genomic selection program based on the estimated Genomic Breeding Values (GBV), and 9) Suggesting a genetic improvement program to improve the Egyptian chickens breeds and strains using molecular approaches.
Poultry,Molecular applications,Candidate genes,GWAS,Genomic Breeding Values (GBV),genomic selection
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183334.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183334_9a90ccbafcf09cc325784e89049c76a6.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Water Saving Strategies in Mediterranean Areas
31
32
EN
Maria
Isabel
Universidade de Lisboa
isabelferreira@isa.ulisboa.pt
10.21608/assjm.2021.183350
Mediterranean climate is associated with summer water scarcity and, consequently, with a general susceptibility to erosion, degradation, and desertification. Thin soils, with low water storage capacity, develop in slopes where all main factors for erosion can at its worst. The need for wise irrigation is crucial for human activities. Plant adaptation includes stomatal closure as a strategy to reduce water use improving plant survival, while reducing photosynthesis and control of leaf temperature. Other strategies at leaf level include reducing radiation interception and increasing sensible heat diffusion, for instance by developing small leaf size, high leaf reflectance and adapted positions towards sunlight. Another order of survival strategies to cope with summer water scarcity concerns the increase of water uptake at root level and hydraulic lift or water redistribution. Finally, irrigation efficiency and evapotranspiration efficiency also should be optimised. Several experiments were performed on olive orchards under the harsh summer conditions of South East Portugal. The results were consistent in several aspects related to water uptake: colonization of the inter-row space, qualitative and quantitative importance of hydraulic redistribution and water balance estimates from soil water content versus plant water use measured by a micrometeorological technique. In orchards under deficit irrigation, analysed in same study, water use was also quantified and parameters of stress coefficients functions were critically analysed.
Water Strategies,Mediterranean Areas,Evapotranspiration,water use
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183350.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183350_d4b65cecb0eaa7fb15baef5ffb27df1d.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Manipulation of Bio-nanotechnology in Agri-Sector for Pest Control with Special Emphasis to Nematode Problems in Egypt
33
36
EN
SANAA
A.
HAROON
Fayoum University, Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department
sanaaharoon1951@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.183354
With the extravagant increase in the population and the increasing need for food, space and desert development, especially for agricultural expansion, has become a strategic goal and the focus of the economic and social policies of Egypt. The coming decades will witness accelerated rates of development in desert agriculture, not only through expanding beyond the green boundaries of the delta and the Nile valley , but also by crossing to remote areas in Sinai , southern Egypt. Soil nematode infecting plants are one of the most destructive parasites worldwide and cause crop damages with wide host rang. Attacking plant root system and feed on the plant nutrients causing lose in the crop yield and even death of the plants by developing galls and necrosis in the root system losing the ability of absorb the nutrients, water and die. The current major issue concerning nematode damage to plants is the lack of effective chemical treatment methods. The public concern over the chemical Nematicides is not only their toxicity for health and environmental risks but also their loss of efficiency after prolonged use. Several control strategies alternative to chemical control that develops recently is production of natural Bio-Nano Nematicides as (green chemical) which act as inhibitors against nematodes population in soil. The Advantages of using bionano Nematicides, it's safe organic compound extracted from the plant, It has no residual effect, It gives high ability to reach within the roots to combat nematodes in their phases, and the ability of the compound to rapidly spread in irrigation water which also gives the strength to spread and stay in the soil for a long time. The nematicides caused direct death to nematodes after few minutes when exposed to low concentrations, also has a repellent effect due to the presence of nanoparticles around the roots, the penetration of nanoparticles inside the root causes the inability of nematodes to form the nourishing cells and are therefore destroyed. It was also found out that there are more than 800 products as fertilizers in the world with their effective as nanomaterials, it is used for sprinkling on the vegetable, which will benefit the plant faster by Increasing photodynamic activity also increasing leaf content of chlorophyll. Also that product Increase crop capacity to withstand different stress conditions, Absorption speed, and Only 1 kg of nanophosphate fertilizer is required to replace 150 to 200 kg of superphosphate fertilizer in citrus farms. For example, Nanomaterials help protect the environment and human health, Increases farm profitability due to reduced fertilizer and spraying costs. Finally Advantage of using Bio-nanotechnology application in agriculture is seriously contributes effectively to increase the productivity of crops, Increase the quality of fruits, Increase their competitiveness by reducing the residues of fertilizers, Preserves the soil and reduces the contamination of groundwater with the residues of different fertilizers, Economically reflected on the economic yield of the farmer through the reduction of expenses, and thus increase the profitability of different crops, and increase export opportunities through increased product competitiveness .
More over the Development of the new generation of highly specialized biocides, overcoming the problems of global warming and its impact on the growth of plants to produce plants that tolerate high temperatures.
Green chemistry,Root knot Nematode,Bio-Nematicides
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183354.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183354_36e746dc728b308bfbb2a7f7ada4f8cc.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Bioinformatics Analysis of Four Gallinacin Genes for Immunity Traits in Chickens
37
50
EN
Medhat
Saleh
0000-0002-1868-5779
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University, 13736, Egypt
medhat.saleh@fagr.bu.edu.eg
Maher
Khalil
0000-0002-6929-3011
Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University
maher.khalil@fagr.bu.edu.eg
Mahmoud
Iraqi
0000-0001-5633-9191
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University, 13736, Egypt
mahmoud.iraqi@fagr.bu.edu.eg
A.
Camarda
Avian Pathology Section, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari,
70010 Valenzano - Bari, Italy
10.21608/assjm.2021.183357
Four candidate gallinacin polymorphic genes were sequenced in one direction from Fayoumi (F), Rhode Island Red (R) and their crosses (½R½F and ½F½R). Pairwise bioinformatics sequencing of <em>GAL</em> genes of the parents relative to F<sub>1 </sub>generation was identified. Bioinformatics analyses of GAL genes showed many sequence variations. The pairwise sequence alignment between F and ½F½R were identified, being 17 SNPs with identity ratio of 97% for <em>GAL 2 </em>gene, many SNPs and gaps with low identity ratio of 50% for <em>GAL 3</em> gene, ten SNPs with identity ratio of 98% for <em>GAL 4 </em>gene and 18 SNPs with identity ratio of 97% for <em>GAL 5</em> gene. Between F and ½R½F there were 11 SNPs with identity ratio of 98% for <em>GAL 2 </em>gene, 15 SNPs with identity ratio of 98% for <em>GAL 3 </em>gene, 20 SNPs with identity ratio of 96% for <em>GAL 4 </em>gene and many SNPs with low identity ratio of 50% for <em>GAL 5</em> gene. Between R and ½F½R, the sequence in <em>GAL 2 </em>gene were 12 SNPs with identity ratio of 98%, 38 SNPs with identity ratio of 94% in <em>GAL 3 </em>gene, many SNPs and gaps with low identity ratio of 50% in <em>GAL 4 </em>gene and 37 SNP with identity ratio of 90% in <em>GAL 5</em> gene. The sequence between R and ½R½F being 21 SNPs with identity ratio of 96% for<em> GAL 2</em> gene and many SNPs and gaps with low identity ratio of 50% for <em>GAL 3 </em>gene. The gene SNP-trait associations are not identical among all genes in the gallinacins cluster.Bioinformatics analyses of <em>GAL</em> genes showed many sequence variations and mutations in intronic regions. The SNPs identified in gallinacin genes could be used in marker assisted selection in breeding program to enhance immune responses to Salmonella disease in chickens.
chickens,Bioinformatics,Gallinacin genes,Salmonella,Immune Response
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183357.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183357_ed752faf2e218c3503f12ce4e725fdc4.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Stocking Density, Dietary Vitamin D3 and Probiotic Supplementation on Carcass Traits and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens
51
60
EN
Osama
H.
El-Garhy
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
osama.elsayed1977@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.183645
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of stocking density, dietary supplementation of probiotic and Vitamin D3 on carcass yield and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens. A total number of 360 unsexed broiler chicks (Evian), one-day old, nearly similar in live body weight were used in this study. Chicks were randomly divided into equal 12 treatments in a 2X3X2 factorial arrangement experiment. Birds were allocated in two main experimental groups (each of 180 birds), the first main group kept under normal stocking density (LSD) with 10 birds /m<sup>2</sup> and the second main group kept under high stocking density (HSD) with16 birds/m<sup>2</sup>. Each main group was divided into three groups (each of 60 birds) fed on diets supplemented with probiotic at a levels of 0, 1 and 2 g/kg diet, respectively. Each group divided into two sub-group (each of 30 birds) and supplemented with fed vit.-D3 at a level of 250 and 500 IU/kg diet, respectively. Results obtained showed that raised broiler chickens under LSD had significantly improved absolute and relative carcass, giblets and total edible weight Moreover, it has significantly increased plasma total protein, albumin (A), globulin (G), cholesterol, triglyceride and it has decreased plasma transaminase enzymes of AST and ALT, compared with those rose under HSD. Broiler chicks fed on diet supplemented with probiotic at level of 2 g/ kg diet showed higher plasma total protein, albumin and A/G ratio, cholesterol and triglycerides than those fed on the other levels of probiotic supplementations. While, it has recorded lowest plasma AST and ALT levels, compared with the other experimental groups. Feeding broiler chickens on high level of Vit.-D3 (500 IU/ Kg diet) has significantly increased plasma protein fractions and decreased plasma AST and ALT levels, compared with those fed diet supplemented with low level of Vit.-D3 (250 IU/Kg) that caused significant decreased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. Finally, it could be recommended to apply LSD (10 birds/ m<sup>2</sup>), high level of Vit.-D3 (500 IU/ Kg) and probiotic at a level of 2 g/ kg diet to improve carcass yield and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens.
Broilers,stocking density,probiotic,Vit.-D3,carcass and blood parameters
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183645.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183645_5e14c73d3e2fad8e3ce6bbb0d3622ed6.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Influence of Some Organic Acids Additives on Carcass Traits, Blood Biochemistry and Economical Efficiency in Broilers
61
70
EN
Heba
E. M. Salem
heba.salem11@yahoo.com
Osama
H.
El-Garhy
Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
osama.elsayed1977@yahoo.com
gaafar
mahmoud
elgendy
animal production department,faculty of agriculture, benha university, egypt
gaafarelgendy@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.183648
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect oforganic acids (citric, lactic and propionic) and their mixtures on carcass traits and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens. A total number of 480 broiler chicks (Ross) one-day old, nearly similar in live body weight were used in this study. Chicks were randomly divided into eight experiment groups each of 60 chicks in3 replicates of birds. Chicks of the first group fed starter and grower basal diets without any supplementation and considered as a control group, the second, third and fourth groups were fed starter and grower basal diets with 5g/kg of either citric, propionic or lactic acids, respectively. While, the fifth group fed starter and grower basal diets with 5g/kg citric acid and 5g/kg propionic acid. The 6<sup>th</sup> and 7<sup>th</sup> groups fed starter and grower basal diets supplemented with 5g/kg citric and 5g/kg lactic acids, 5g/kg propionic and 5g/kg lactic .The 8<sup>th</sup> group fed starter and grower basal diets supplemented with 5g/kg of each of Citric<strong>+ </strong>Propionic<strong>+</strong> Lactic. Results obtained showed that chicks fed diet supplemented with citric and lactic acid, respectively had significantly increased the absolute and relative weights of carcass and total edible parts, the highest averages of plasma total protein , globulin and decreased plasma AST and ALT. Chicks fed on diet supplemented with the mixtures of Citric<strong> + </strong>Lactic + Propionic acid showed the highest averages of absolute and relative weights of carcass and total edible parts, plasma total protein, globulin and lowest plasma creatinine compared with the other treatments and control group. While chicks received diet supplemented with citric acid showed the highest value of plasma albumin and relative economical efficiency (REE). Generally, it is clearly observed from this study that using organics and their mixtures had improved the carcass yield, blood biochemistry and economical efficiency of broiler chickens compared with control. Citric acid at a level of 5g/kg diet seemed to be adequate to achieve the favorable results and is being recommended from the economic point of view.
organic acids,carcass traits,blood parameters,economical efficiency,Broilers
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183648.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183648_895f90446d374815598d19a38ab9948a.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Dietary Xylanase on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes and Physiological Responses of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus Fingerlings Fed Plant-Based Diets
71
80
EN
Mohammed
A. El-ashry
mohamed.elashry@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.183649
A feeding study was conduct to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of xylanase on growth performance, feed utilization, digestive enzymes, proximate composition, hematological and serum biochemical parameters of Nile tilapia, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> fingerlings fed plant-based diets for 70 days. Three isonitrogenous (293 g kg<sup>–1</sup> crude protein) and isocaloric (18.42 MJ kg<sup>–1</sup> gross energy) diets were formulated. Each diet was supplemented with xylanase at levels; 0 (control), 0.5 and 1 g kg<sup>–1</sup> diet. After 70 days, the highest weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive value, fat retention, energy retention, and the best feed conversion ratio were recorded in fish fed either 0.5 or 1 g xylanase kg<sup>–1</sup> diet. As well as, the addition of xylanase up to 0.5 g kg<sup>–1</sup> diet increases the activity of lipase, amylase, and trypsin. The addition of xylanase significantly improved hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, white blood cells, total protein, albumin, and globulin compared with the control diet. On the other hand, the addition of xylanase increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The highest values of growth hormone and phosphorus were observed in fish fed diets supplemented with 0.5 g xylanase kg<sup>–1</sup> diet. Based on the obtained findings, it could be conclude that the useful using of xylanase as feed additive up to 0.5 g kg<sup>–1</sup> diet for significantly enhancement the growth performance, feed utilization, endogenous enzyme activity, and physiological responses of <em>O. niloticus</em>.
tilapia,Exogenous xylanase,plant protein,Growth,physiological responses
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183649.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183649_4637b35ab2f896b0bc96a403acfb68a6.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effects of dietary Potassium Diformate on Growth Performance, Hematological and Biochemical Blood Parameters of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. fingerlings fed plant-based diets
81
88
EN
mohamed
shaban
hassaan
animal production department, faculty of agriculture, benha university
mohamed.hassaan@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.183663
A feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of potassium diformate (KDF) on pH of intestine, growth performance, feed utilization, hematological and serum biochemical parameters of Nile tilapia, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> (L.) fingerlings fed plant-based diets for 84 days. Three isonitrogenous (310 g kg<sup>–1</sup> crude protein) and isocaloric (18.70 MJ kg<sup>–1</sup> gross energy) diets were formulated. Each diet was supplemented with KDF at levels; 0 (control), 5 and 10 g kg<sup>-1</sup> diet. The results showed that the pH value of diet was decreased by the addition of KDF. After 84-day, the pH of stomach and gut was significantly decreased by supplementation of KDF at level 10 g kg<sup>-1</sup> diet. The highest weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and the best feed conversion ratio were recorded in fish fed either 5 or 10 g KDF kg<sup>-1</sup> diet. As well, addition of KDF significantly improved hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells count, white blood cells, total protein, albumin and globulin compared with the control diet. Results of this trial indicated that, the addition of KDF as feed additive enhanced the growth performance, feed utilization, hematological and blood biochemistry parameters of Nile tilapia fed diet free of fishmeal.
Organic salt,plant protein,Growth,fish,physiological responses
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183663.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183663_6496a9c6776cfc324b07762f3373ef9e.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Dietary Phytogenic and Probiotic Supplementation on Productive Performance and Immune Response of Inshas Laying Hens.
89
100
EN
Islam
M. El-Sharkawy
elsharkawy1919@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.183711
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of<em> Pedicoccus acidilactici </em>as probiotic (P), chicory as phytogenic (C) and their interactions between them (P x C) on productive performance and immune response of Inshas laying hens. A total number of 720 chickens, 26 weeks old with nearly similar initial average weight were used in this study. Hens were randomly distributed into twelve experimental groups each of 60 birds. A factorial arrangement design (3x4) with three levels of probiotic (0, 0.5 and 0.1 g/kg diet) and four levels of chicory leaves powder (0, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg diet) and their interaction were tested for 24 weeks. Results obtained showed highly significant variation (p < 0.01) in averages of feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production rate (EPR) and egg mass at the most periods of the experiment and all over the experimental period due to all treatments applied, Insignificant variation were found in average body weight, feed intake and egg weight due to dietary levels of probiotic and chicory all over the experimental period, while the interaction between them showed highly significant variation (p < 0.01) in body weight and egg weight only. The best FCR (4.67. 4.64 and 4.03 g feed/g egg), EPR (53.35, 53.29 and 62.16 % hen/day) and egg mass (26.19, 26.22 and 30.10 g/hen/day) were found in birds fed diets supplemented with 1.0 g probiotic, 5 g chicory / kg diet and the interaction between (P2 x C1), respectively<strong>.</strong> Significant improvement (p < 0.05) in immune response toward antibody titers of Newcastle (ND) and Influenza (H9N2) due to dietary probiotic only. The highest values of relative economical efficiency were found 129.20, 281.39 and 270.14% were listed for diets containing 1.0 g probiotic, 5 g chicory /Kg diet and their interactions between the same levels, receptively. It could be recommended to use probiotic at a level of 1.0 g, chicory at level of 5 g /Kg diet and their interactions (1.0 g probiotic x 5 g chicory/Kg diet) to improve the productive performance, immune response and economical efficiency of Inshas laying hens.
laying hens,phytogenic,probiotic,productive and immune response
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183711.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183711_519bdd52b8c06798b8caf8303e7cb3bf.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Gene Expression Profile of Oocytes Using Microarray and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Stat3 and Odc1 Genes in Sperms Linked With Their Quality in Holstein-Friesian
101
102
EN
Nasser
Ghanem
0000-0002-0480-0959
Animal Production Department, faculty of Agriculture, Cairo university, Giza, Egypt
nassergo@agr.cu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.183714
Identification of molecular fingerprints of gametes quality could be used as a foundation for finding markers associated with fertility of dairy cattle. Therefore, the current investigation aimed to identify differential gene expression profile in oocytes collected from cyclic healthy heifers (n = 16) of Holstein breed with estimated breeding value of fertility. The animals were slaughtered at day 0 or day 12 of the oestrous cycle. The recovered oocytes from high-fertile animals (H-EBV-F >100; n=8) were compared with low-fertile group (L-EBV-F <100; n=8) using cDNA microarray. Additionally, SNPs were analysed for two candidate genes (STAT3 and ODC1) in relation with sperm quality traits. The results of this study clearly showed link of candidate genes with fertility and progesterone profile during oestrous cycle. For example, gene expression profile of STAT3 was increased in oocytes collected from H-EBV-F animals at day 0 and 12 of oestrous cycle. While ODC1 gene was up-regulated at day 12 and down-regulated at day 0 in H-EBV-F compared to L-EBV-F oocytes. Moreover, association study showed that SNP polymorphisms of STAT3 and ODC1 were linked (p < 0.05) with sperm quality traits. Therefore, it could be concluded that ODC1 and STAT3 could be considered candidate genes that are connected with Holstein cows fertility genetic merit of the associated with semen quality of sires.
developmental potential,transcriptome profile,SNP,oocyte,sperm
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183714.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183714_be13588a50ef7d4545005f4b9ba4e346.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
In vitro buffalo embryo production under heat stress: Role of granulosa cells co-culture as a monolayer
103
104
EN
Romysa
Samy
Gad-Elkareem
Animal production, faculty of agriculture, Cairo University,Giza, Egypt
romysasamy42@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.183715
Effect ofheat shock and co-culture of monolayer granulosa cells (GCs) on <em>in vitro</em>embryo developmental competence in Egyptian buffalo was the aim of the present study.Cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) were collected from ovaries (<em>n=</em> 448) of cyclicslaughtered buffalo cows. Good quality immature oocytes (<em>n=</em> 1512) were subjected to <em>in vitro</em> maturation and fertilization. Post 18-22 h of fertilization, presumptive embryos were randomly assigned into four groups: (G1) No heat shock (38.5<sup>O</sup>C), (G2) Heat shock (40.5°C) and (G3) Co-culture with GCs monolayer and heat shock or (G4) Co-culture with GCs monolayer and no heat shock. Heat-shockedembryos were exposed to temperature of40.5°Cfor the first two hours of culture before exposing to 38.5°C afterward up to the end of culture perio d (8 days). The data were analyzed by General LinearUnivariate model using SPSS.
Oocyte expansionrate was 90.8±1.1%. This percentage is higher than nuclear maturation rate (oocytes at Telophase and Metaphase II) as detected byaceto-orcein staining by about 17%. Cleavage rate as recorded at day 3 post fertilization (day 0) was higher (p≤0.05) for G1 and G4 (71.1±10.5% and 70.5±7.9 with GCs, respectively).On the other hand, cleavage rate was dramatically decreased (P ≤0.05) for embryos of G2 (43.7±7.0%) compared with that of G3 (80.2±7.0%). In addition, embryos of G3showed approximately the same rate ofdeveloped embryos(Morula and blastocyst stages at day 8 of culture) as of G1 (50.9±5.3 and51.7±7.9%, respectively). In conclusion, using co-culture of GCs as a monolayer enhances cleavage rate and subsequent embryo development of buffalo embryos under heat stress condition.
in vitro embryo production,heat stress,Co-culture,Buffalo
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183715.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183715_7111852eed4ac63095642ff2a88bec2d.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Chicken Cytokines Functions as Bioreactors
105
106
EN
Akrum
Hamdy
Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Egypt
akrum312@hotmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.183718
<strong> </strong>Cytokines are proteins excreted by cells that play an important role in the activation and regulation of other cells and tissues during inflammation and immune responses. They act as humeral regulators which modulate the functions of individual cells. Unlike hormones, cytokines are produced by cells which are not organized in specific glands which act to affect biological cases such as inflammations.
The biological activities of cytokines are mediated by specific membrane receptors which can be expressed on substantially all cell types. The mechanism by which receptor occupation by cytokines results in the generation of a signal through the receptor is not completely understood. But it is frequently possible to observe the order of cytokine actions with some early cytokines preactivating cells so that they can then respond to later acting cytokines.
All cytokines act through receptors on the surface of the target cells, which may lead to the activation or down regulation of the cell's activity. The main function of cytokines is in the activation and regulation of the cells of immune system. Cytokines are produced by variety of cell types, depending on the cell's function. For instance, epithelial cells may produce cytokines involved in the generation of inflammation, the so-called proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) or IL-8, whereas macrophages may produce both proinflammatory cytokines and cytokines involved in the activation and regulation of T helper lymphocytes (Th) in the development of an adaptive immune response. Cytokines have been classified into a number of groups based on their activity and the cells they are produced by or act upon. These groups include interleukins (IL), interferons (IFN), tumour necrosis factors (TNF), transforming growth factors (TGF), migratory inhibitory factors and the smaller chemokines. It is also possible to broadly categorise cytokines on their activity and this may be more beneficial in understanding the nature of their general activity. The use of molecular techniques is enabling the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of diseases. This will lead to further understanding of the role the immune system, and in particular cytokines.
In this review article the types and functions of chicken cytokines will be accurately
displayed.
chicken,Cytokines,Inflammations,Cell receptors,immunity
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183718.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183718_0cfcce344f8de4d3ca80a7c202baeebb.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Multiple Beneficial Applications and Modes of Action of Growth Promoters in Rabbits Production
107
108
EN
shaker
A.
Abd EL-Latif
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
profshaker71@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.183721
Recently, many countries tend to prevent the application of antibiotics for their side effects on both animal and human. Nowadays, growth promoters from herbal sources (<em>phytogenic extracts</em>) are used very commonly. Herbs such as Turmeric (<em>Curcuma longa</em>), ginger (<em>Zingiber officinale</em>), fenugreek (<em>Trigonella foenum-graecum L</em>.) and other herbs are phytogenic additives, possible alternatives, reported in poultry production which include a group of natural feed additives; derived from herbs, spices or other plants or their extracts in the form of essential oils. The optimum antioxidant activity of some herbs such as turmeric tends to stimulate protein synthesis by enzymatic system. Furthermore, herbs could control and limit the growth and colonization of numerous pathogenic and non-pathogenic species of bacteria in the rabbit's gut resulting in balanced gut microbial ecosystem that leads to better feed utilization reflected by live body weight and weight gain. Citrus have over 60 flavonoids and these compounds can be digested in the small intestine therefore, the level of these flavonoids can significantly increase in blood serum. Flavonoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and immune-stimulating effects. The aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of growth promoters as feed supplementation in rabbit diets on some productive performances.
growth promoters,productive performances,Rabbits
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183721.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183721_a7e157bc066bef4692283a3d9579a84d.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Alleviating the Harmful Effects of New Valley Summer on Growth Performance and Health Status of Japanese Quail by 1. Feeding time
109
114
EN
Farghly
M. F., A.
Dept. of Poultry Production, Fac. of Agric., Univ. of Assiut (71516), Egypt.
farghly20002000@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.183725
A total number of one hundred and fifty unsexed one-day old chicks of Japanese quail were used to study the effect of feeding time on the growth performance of birds under subtropical prevailing environmental conditions in <em>New Valley</em><em>.</em> All chicks were housed in batteries in five equal groups (3 replicates of 10 birds each). The birds of first group were full-fed <em>ad libitum</em> and were considered the control (C). While the second group (T1) was fed 75% of diet at morning and 25% of diet at afternoon; the third group (T2) was fed 50% of diet at morning and 50% of diet at afternoon; the fourth group (T3) was fed 25% of diet at morning and 75% of diet at afternoon; the fifth group (T4) was fed 0% of diet at morning and 100% of diet at afternoon. All experimental birds were supplied with clean water all the time. The obtained results indicated that change of feeding time affected body weight, feed conversion, most blood parameters, body temperature, viability rate and tonic immobility in Japanese quail. However, insignificant differences of plumage conditions and some carcass traits were observed among all experimental groups. Therefore, it could be recommended that feeding time (25% of diet at morning and 75% of diet at afternoon) during summer season could be applied successfully by the farm managers to have a better growth performance without any significant negative effects on production process.
Feeding time,Summer,Growth performance,Japanese quail
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183725.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_183725_14d44a277e3d7265ba2e4c4cc22e3998.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Alleviating Heat Stress during Summer Season on Performance of Growing Rabbits by Using Feed Withdrawal
115
122
EN
M.
F. A.
Farghly
Dept. of poultry Production, Fac. Of Agric., Univ. of Assiut, Egypt
farghly20002000@aun.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.190405
This study was designed to alleviate theheat stress during summer season on growth performance of New Zealand white rabbits by using feed withdrawal; Animals were reared in batteries anddivided into four comparable groups (32 growing weanedrabbits in each). The four treatments were as follows: Control group (C) (rabbits were fed continuously for 24 hrs), T1 (feed was removed from 9 am to 12 am), T2 (feed was removed from 12.00 am to 3.00 pm) and T3 (feed was removed from 9.00 am to 3.00 pm).Theresults revealed that, daily body weight, feed conversion and some blood constitutes of growing NZW rabbits affected significantly. Feed withdrawal improved significantly body weight gain, feed conversion, dressed carcass and health status and decreased significantly whole fat percentage and rectal temperature. Rabbits of T2 and T3 groups showed the lowest (P<0.05) values of A:Gratio and N/L ratio when compared with their counterparts. Non-significant differences were found in the other morbidity and carcass characteristics due to feed withdrawal. From these results, it could be concluded, that feed withdrawal in growing rabbits during 12.00 am to 3.00 pm had beneficial impacts on performance and improved health status in the hot summer.
Feed withdrawal,Growth performance,hot summer,Rabbits
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190405.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190405_5e7ee1f99c4798d56e08b8a8d22b70ce.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Impact of Some Managerial Factors on Carcass and Meat Quality of Japanese Quail Farghly M. F. A. and H. Y. El-Hammady
123
124
EN
M.
F. A.
Farghly
Dept. of poultry Production, Fac. Of Agric., Univ. of Assiut, Egypt
farghly20002000@aun.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.190409
<strong><em> </em></strong>The present study aimed to investigate the impact of some managerial factors (stock density, litter and floor types) on the carcass traits and meat quality of Japanese quail birds. All experimental birds were randomly distributed to 2 X 4 factorial design, which contains two stoking densities (250 or 400 cm2 / bird) and four litter and floor types; wheat straw group served as control, wire net group, plastic group and wooden slatted floors. The obtained results confirmed that stock density, litter and floor groups had significant (P≤0.05) higher dressed carcass, liver percentages, carcass lengths, fatness, protein, Ca and Fe percentages of meat content. Likewise, significant effects were found on sensory attributes (tenderness and juiciness), texture and pH of meat. However, no significant differences in percentages of heart, kidney, dissectible fat, Lean:bone ratio, moisture, ether extract, ash, P, aroma, taste, flavor and water holding capacity (WHC) were found among all groups. Taking in consideration these advantages it could be concluded that the use of plastic group and wooden slatted floors with stock density (400 cm2 / bird) is highly recommend for managing Japanese quail birds.
Quail – stock density,litter and floor types – carcass traits and meat quality
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190409.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190409_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Housing System on Productive and Reproductive Performance of Pigeon
125
126
EN
M.
F. A.
Farghly
Dept. of poultry Production, Fac. Of Agric., Univ. of Assiut, Egypt
farghly20002000@aun.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.190412
An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of housing system on performance of pigeons. A total of 16 pair of parent Baladi pigeons (6-7 months old) were distributed equally according to their consistent mating systems (sex ratio of pigeons 1:1) to 2 treatments 8 pairs (4 replicates of 2 pairs each). Birds were reared under similar environmental conditions. The first group was housed indoor system and served as a control (C). The second group (treatment) was housed in outdoor system. Feed and water were offered <em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ad libitum</span></em> along the experimental period. Results obtained are summarized as follow:1- Housing system had significant (P≤0.05) effect on squabs weight gain at 28 days of age, mortality percentage and economic efficiency. 2- Indoor system decreased feed intake for pigeons without or with squabs. 3- Egg number, egg weight, fertility and hatchability were significantly (P≤0.05) increased in outdoor system. 4- Pigeons reared in indoor system had significantly the highest number of weaned squabs, body weight and weight gain during 28 days of age. It can be concluded that pigeons housed indoor system gave the best squabs performance as compared with outdoor system. However, pigeons housed outdoor system was better than the indoor system for reproductive performance of local Baladi pigeons.
growth and reproductive performance,housing system,Baladi pigeons
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190412.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190412_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Dandarawi Chickens Reared Under Different Light Types
127
128
EN
M.
F. A.
Farghly
Dept. of poultry Production, Fac. Of Agric., Univ. of Assiut, Egypt
farghly20002000@aun.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.190414
Seven hundred and twenty, four weeks old Dandarawi chicks were used to study the effects of light source on growth performance and carcass traits. Chicks were divided into 3 equal groups (240 birds each) and housed in floor pens. The first group used as control and reared under incandescent light bulbs (IL), while the second and third groups reared under fluorescent (FL) and saving light bulbs (SL), respectively. All birds were raised under photoperiod of 12 hours per day, with light intensities of 5-10 Luxes. Feed and water were available <em>ad lib</em>. and all the other conditions were the same during the experimental period. Results showed that birds reared under SL and FL bulbs had significantly (P≤0.05) higher body weight (BW), daily weight gain (BWG), liver and giblets percentages than the control group. Also, birds reared under IL bulbs had significantly (P≤0.05) higher plumage condition and tonic immobility as compared to the other two groups. No significant differences (P≤0.05) were found between groups in leg problems, dressed carcass, drumsticks, femurs, breast, heart and gizzard among all groups. Finally, the economical efficiency of the birds reared under SL and FL bulbs was better than the IL groups during the growing period by 26.4 and 36.1%, respectively.
Growth performance,carcass traits,light source,Dandarawi chickens
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190414.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190414_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effects of Different Light Regimens and Vitamin D3 Levels and Their Interactions on Broilers Performance
129
130
EN
M.
F. A.
Farghly
Dept. of poultry Production, Fac. Of Agric., Univ. of Assiut, Egypt
farghly20002000@aun.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.190415
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of light regimens and vitamin D3 levels on growth performance and some carcass traits of broiler chickens. Two hundred and seventy birds were randomly assigned in factorial design (3x3). Three light regimens (24 hrs continues light, 12 hrs continues with 12 hrs flash light and 24 hrs flash light) and three vitamin levels (0 IU Vit. D3, 200IU Vit. D3 and 400IU Vit. D3). Nine treatments of 30 birds each (three replicates of 10 birds each). The birds were housed in floor pens from day one till six weeks of age. Feed and water were available <em>ad lib</em>. and all conditions were the same during the experimental period. The results showed that significantly affected body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. In addition, birds reared under continuous with flash light and feed with 200 IU Vit. D3 had significantly (P≤0.05) highest in body weight, daily weight gain and feed conversion as compared to the other groups. Finally, birds reared under continuous with flash light and feed with 200IU Vit. D3 was better than the other groups.
Broilers,light regimens. Vitamin D3 levels. Performance
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190415.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190415_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Influence of Housing Systems As Stock Density on Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens In New Valley
131
132
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.190416
A total number of one hundred and twenty birds of Cubb broilers were used to study the effect of stock density on carcass traits and meat quality of broiler chickens. The stock density in pens varied in size to produce 4 different stocking densities: 10 birds/m<sup>2</sup>, 14 birds /m<sup>2</sup>, 18 birds /m<sup>2</sup> and 22 birds /m<sup>2</sup> (3 replicates each). The obtained results indicated that stock density groups had significant (P≤0.05) effect on dressed carcass, breast, liver, all fat percentages, carcass lengths, fatness and protein percentages of meat content. Also, significant effects were found on carcass lengths, tenderness, texture and water holding capacity (WHC) of meat. However, no significant differences in percentages of drumstick, heart, wings, neck, moisture, ether extract, ash, and P levels were found among all groups. Also, stock density did not differ statistically for carcass conformations, aroma, taste, flavor, Lean: bone ratio and meat pH. It could be recommended that stock density (400 cm2 / bird) could be applied successfully by the farm managers to have a better carcass traits and meat quality without any significant negative effects on production process.
stock density,carcass traits and meat quality,Broilers
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190416.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190416_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Evaluating Different Types of the Floors for Housing Broiler Chickens in New Valley
133
134
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.190841
The purpose of this research was to study the effect of different floor types on performance, airborne quality and physiological state of broilers. The research involved 180 broilers aged 1 days which were raised up to 42 days. Floor types consisted of cement, wheat straw litter, wire net, plastic net, wooden slats, palm fiber mate, palm slats and palm spines mate floors. The achieved results showed that the floor types had significant effect on final body weight, feed conversion, some blood parameters, body temperature, viability rate and tonic immobility, however, there are no significant differences in plumage conditions and some carcass traits. Broilers in the wooden slats and palm spines mate floors had immune organs weight compared to the other floors. Also, broilers in the wooden slats and plastic net had average humidity level lower than broilers in the other floors. It could be concluded that wooden slats and palm spines mate floors best being used for broilers. However, palm slats (having less health problems than other floor) is recommended as a safe and economical replacement as floor for any floor.
floor type,Growth performance,Broilers
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190841.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_190841_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Use of Some Available Plant Residues in New Valley as Alternative Litter Materials for Managing Broiler Chickens
135
136
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.192148
This experiment carried out to determine the effects of using some alternative litter materials on the growth performance, litter conditions, airborne quality and health traits of broiler chickens, one hundred and eighty, 1 day old broiler chicks were reared for six weeks and housed in pens in six equal groups (3 replicates of 10 birds each). Wheat straw (control), wood shaving, rice hulls, corn stalks chips, chopped palm fiber and palm spines chips were used as litter materials in this the study. Wheat straw, wood shaving, rice hulls, corn stalks chips, chopped palm fiber and palm spines chips did not differ statistically for body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and survivability (p>0.05). However, body weight tended to increase on wood shaving and palm spines chips. Carcass weight and gizzard yield were significantly (p < 0.001) higher for birds raised on corn stalks chips maintained approximately 10% lower moisture level in comparison to Wheat straw and wood shaving. The lowest bacterial counts and moisture content of used litter was found in corn stalks chips followed by palm spines chips, wood shaving, rice husk, wheat straw and chopped palm fiber. There was no statistically significant effect between type of litter on litter pH, litter temperature and body conformations. Depends on the price and availability palm spines can be used as litter material instead of wood shaving and wheat straw. In conclusion, corn stalks chips, chopped palm fiber and palm spines chips can potentially be used as alternative litter materials in New Valley for growing broilers.
litter materials growth performance,Broiler chickens
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192148.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192148_0ad0b880a4a5d66646582266c9f72703.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Biometric Testicular and Hormonal Serum Profiles of Arabian Stallion during Breeding Season in Algeria
137
142
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.192149
Several studies have shown relationship of biometric testicular, hormonal profiles and fertility. Objective of present research were to predict the fertility of stallion by biometric testicular and hormonal analysis. Measurement of the testis of adults Arabian stallions (n=36) from National Haras Chaouchoua of Tiaret, Algeria. The length (TL), the width (TW), the height (TH), and the scrotal width of the testicles (TSW) during three consecutive seasons (April: 2014-2016). From these measurements, the total testicular volume (TTV), the daily sperm output (DSO) and the daily sperm product (DSP) were calculated. The serum testosterone concentration, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the luteinizing hormone (LH) were also evaluated by IMMUNOTECH® during April 2016.The scrotal width (TSW: 11.06 ± 1.55) cm, was very highly correlated to the age and the body weight of the stallions as well as with all the testicular parameters (p < 0.01). The scrotal width (TSW) was correlated positively to testosterone, (r=0,14).The examination of the testicular size is an important criteria to estimate for selection the stallions with highest fertility potential.
Breeding season,Testicular measurement,Hormonal profiles,Stallion,Algeria
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192149.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192149_a593822d906251a2c913cec7cfb7e20a.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Productive and Reproductive Performance of Syrian Shami Cows
143
152
EN
Obaida
Abdel kareem
Almasri
General Commition for Agricultural scientific Research, Damascus, Syria.
obaidaalimasri@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.192150
The objectives of this study were to characteristic productive and reproductive traits of native Shami cows in Syria and to study the effect of nongenetic factors on their productive and reproductive traits. In this study, 2654 records were collected on 605 cows from 1980 to 2010 of Deir al-Hajar station in Syria. Data were analysed using the General Liner Model (XLSTATE. 2019).
The least squares means for age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), total milk yield (TMY), daily milk yield (DMY), lactation period (LP) and dry period (DP) were 30.9±0.16 months, 454±0.16 days, 1503±0.16 kg, 9.1±0.16 kg, 163±0.16 days and 292±34 days, respectively.
The results showed that year of birth had a significant (p < 0.01) effect on age at first calving. While season of birth haven’t significant effect on (AFC). Also, results showed that year of calving and parity had a significant (p < 0.01) effect on all studied traits. Season of calving had significant (p < 0.01) effect on all studied traits except for dry period.
Improve management conditions and genetic improvement for Syrian native Shami cows could be improve reproductive performance that leads to increase milk yield and number of calvings of their cows.
productive,reproductive,performance,Syrian Shami cows
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192150.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192150_c7678d1498f2be5994950b9ce4028bd5.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Feeding Discarded Dates, Palm Leaves and Its Combination on Growth Performance, Diet Digestibility, Blood Metabolites and Profitability of Ossimi Lambs.
153
160
EN
Tamer
Mosaad Mohamed
Hassan
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
tamer.mohamed@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.192152
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding a formulated from local feed sources with using discarded Dates, Palm leaves and its combination on growing Ossemi male lambs growth performance, diet digestibility, blood metabolites and profitability in New Valley Governorate. Forty nine Ossimi male lambs with average body weight 24.82 kg )4-5 months of age( were divided randomly to seven groups (seven lambs per each group) were fed individually. Frist group lambs were fed the control diet (0% discarded Dates and 0% Palm leaves). The second and third group of lambs were fed an experimental diet contained 7.5 and 15% of discarded Dates, respectively; the fourth and fifth group of lambs were fed an experimental diet contained 6 and 12% of Palm leaves, respectively; the sixth group of lambs were fed an experimental diet contained 7.5 % of discarded Dates and 6% Palm leaves; the seventh group of lambs were fed an experimental diet contained 15 % of discarded Dates and 12% Palm leaves during 120 days of feeding period. All lambs in each group individually weighed to the nearest gram monthly till the end of experimental period. Animals were housed individually in clean and hygienic pens. Body weight was measured weekly and feed consumption was recorded daily. Digestibility trial was conducted and digestion coefficient was calculated for diet dry matter (DM) and nutrients. At the end of experiment, blood samples were collected for analysis. Economic efficiency (profitability) was evaluated for using discarded Dates, Palm leaves and its combination in the diet. Results showed that there were no significant differences between groups in growth performance parameters between groups. Similar findings were recorded for digestibility of DM and nutrients. Addition of discarded Dates, Palm leaves and its combination in the diets did not negatively affect blood metabolites. Economical profitability was significantly found when feeding 12% Palm leaves (T4); 15% discarded Dates and 12 % Palm leaves (T6) in the diet. It can be concluded that discarded Dates, Palm leaves and its combination can be utilized effectively in the diet without adverse effect on growth performance, digestibility blood metabolites of Ossimi lambs.
discarded dates,Palm leaves,Growth performance,blood metabolites,Ossimi lambs
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192152.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192152_f7d18796604640a28c17a04869579be0.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
The Effect of Adding Different Types of Vegetable Oils and Waste Frying Oil on the Productive and Reproductive Performance of Japanese Quail
161
166
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.192153
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of adding different types of vegetable oils in improving production and reproduction performance and egg quality of Japanese quail. A total number of 112 birds of the 6-weeks Japanese quail were used and randomly distributed on four treatments with 4 replicates per 7 birds (2 males and 5 females). The bird were fed by treatments the following treatment: the first treatment (a control 2.5 % commercial oil (a mixture of soybean oil, sunflower oil and cotton seed oil)), the second (2.5% corn oil), third (2.5% sunflower oil), and fourth (2.5% waste frying oil -frying fish-(commercial oil)). Body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production, egg weight, egg mass, fertility, hatchability, weight of chicks at hatch, egg quality, and relative economic efficiency (REE) were estimated for the whole experimental period (10 weeks).
There was no significant effect on egg number, egg mass, egg laying rate, feed intake and FCR, except for egg weight, which was higher for birds fed sunflower oil and waste frying oil compared to the second group (corn oil). Lipid sources evaluated had no significant difference (p > 0.05) for yolk weight, yolk percentage, albumen percentage, eggshell percentage, shape index, yolk index, Haugh unit (HU), shell thickness and SWUSA between the treatments applied. However, albumen weight, eggshell weight, and width of egg increase significantly (P >0.05) due to addition sunflower oil compared with addition of corn oil, and increase significantly (p > 0.05) shell strength and ESA comparing corn oil group or control group. There were insignificant differences in fertility and hatchability rate between the experimental treatments. However, body weight of chicks at hatch increased significantly (p > 0.05)) due to addition sunflower oil comparing the other treats and increase significantly due to waste oil by comparing the control treat and corn oil treat. It was observed that treatment the quail birds with different types of vegetable oils have no significant effect on body weight of these birds during the experimental period. Replacement of commercial oil with waste frying oil has led to higher economical efficiency. However, addition of corn oil has led to lower economical efficiency.
vegetable oils,Waste frying oil,Performance of Japanese Quail
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192153.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192153_313a62cd3122673833058c845fa949ae.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effects of Punicalagin and Its Combination with Hcg on Some Productive And Reproductive Traits In Virgin Rabbit Does
167
168
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.192157
Unsurprisingly, the potential antioxidant means potential pregnancy outcomes. Punicalagin as potential antioxidant is demanded for reproductive health and progesterone adequacy is necessity for maintaining pregnancy in young does. So, the aim of study was to investigate effects of punicalagin (PL) and its combination with human choronic gonadotropin (HCG) on maternal live body weight (MLBW), number of services/conception (NS), conception rate (CR), gestation length (GL), kindling rate (KR),total litter size (TLS), live litter size (LLS), kit weight (KW), progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17(E2) concentrations at 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> pregnancy of young does. A total of 28 healthy virgindoes (6 months old) were divided into 4equal groups. Group I, each doe was injected IM with 100 ug PL twice/week pre-mating and one time 3 days post-mating.Group II, each doe was injected IM with 25 IU human gonadotropic hormone (HCG) one time 3 days post-mating.Group III, each doe was injected IM with combination PL+HCG. Group IV,each doe was injected IM with sterilized water (control). Blood samples were taken at pre-mating, mating, post-mating, throughout pregnancy and immediately post-kindling for assaying P4 and E2. All does were naturally mated with fertile bucks. Results revealed that PL and combination groups displayed their significant impacts on MLBW, NS/conception, CR, GL, KR, TLS, LLS, KWs (birth and weaning), P4 and E2 concentrations either at 1<sup>st</sup>/2<sup>nd</sup> pregnancy or both of them. Conclusively, PL and PL+HCG improved pregnancy outcomes of young does particularly at 2<sup>nd</sup> pregnancy and could be recommended in rabbit's farms.
punicalagin,HCG,Pregnancy,estradiol-17β,progesterone,does
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192157.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192157_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
تأثيراضافة الفحم الحيوي (biochar) الى التبن المعامل او غير المعامل باليوريا على الصفات الانتاجية وبعض صفات الذبيحة في الحملان العواسي
169
178
EN
Afraah
M.
Mohammed Al-Sammari
Tikrit University – Collage of Agriculture – Animals Production Dept.
afrah_mustafa@tu.edu.iq
10.21608/assjm.2021.192159
استخدم في هذه التجربة 16 حملاً عواسياً تراوحت أعمارها ما بين7_8 أشهر وبمعدل وزن 27.55± 0.78 کجم، وزعت الحملان إلى أربعة مجاميع تغذوية حسب الوزن وفي کل مجموعة 4 حملان ثم وزعت المعاملات عشوائياً على المجاميع. الحملان غذيت على عليقة مرکزة بنسبة3.5 %من وزن الجسم , وکانت المعاملات کما يلى.
المعاملة الأولى = عليقة مرکزة + 0.5% فحم حيوي+ تبن معامل باليوريا.
المعاملة الثانية = عليقة مرکزة + 0.5% فحم حيوي + تبن غير معامل باليوريا.
المعاملة الثالثة= عليقة مرکزة + zero% فحم حيوي + تبن معامل باليوريا.
المعاملة الرابعة= عليقة مرکزة + zero% فحم حيوي + تبن غير معامل باليوريا. حللت النتائج وفق التصميم العشوائي في تجربه عامليه (2×2) .
أشارت نتائج التحليل الإحصائي إلى عدم وجود فروق معنوية لتأثير الفحم الحيوي او للتبن المعامل باليوريا او للتداخل بينهما في (معدل الوزن النهائي ومعدل الزيادة الوزنية الکلية ومعدل الزيادة الوزنية اليومية ومعدل استهلاک العلف وکفاءة التحويل الغذائي). کذلک عدم وجود فروق معنوية في بعض صفات الذبيحة للحملان العواسيٍ(نسبة التصافي ومساحة العضلة العينية )بالرجم من وجود اختلافات معنويه في وزن الذبيحة الحار والبارد ونسبة الدهن تحت الجلد للمعاملة الرابعة مقارنة بالمعاملة الاولى.
الفحم الحيوي,التبن المعامل باليوريا,الحملان العواسية,صفات الذبيحة
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192159.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_192159_65767b1c65e2e7c92f937aa2312b4dd5.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Influence of Seeds Soaking with Benzyladenine, Paclobutrazol, Algae Extract, Some Mineral Nutrients and Lithovit on Seeds Germination and Seedling Growth of Moringa olifera Plant.
179
188
EN
Hosny
Abd El-Dayem
Agricultural Botany Dept., Fac. of Agric., Benha University, Egypt.
hosny.abdeldaim@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.194256
Two laboratory experiments were conducted out at Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University , Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2016 and 2017. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soaking of seed with benzyl adenine (BA) at (25, 50 and 100 mgl<sup>-1</sup>), paclobutrazol (PP<sub>333 </sub>at (5, 10 and 20 mgl<sup>-1</sup>), algae extract at (5,10 and 20 ml<sup>-1</sup>), mineral nutrients (Ca, Mg and Fe chelated) at 500 mgl<sup>-1</sup> and treatment of lithovit at 500 mgl<sup>-1</sup> on seed germination (percentage, rate) and seedling growth of <em>Moringa</em> <em>oleifera</em> plant.
The obtained results reported that seed soaking with benzyl adenine (BA) at different tested concentrations enhanced seed germination and seedlings growth traits during the two seasons of study. Also, soaking seeds in 100 mgl<sup>-1</sup> benzyl adenine (BA) reflected the highest values of seed germination (rate and percentage) as well as growth of seedling measurements i.e., The radical and plumule lengths at 7, 10 and 13 days from soaking and absolute growth rate of root and stem after 10 and 13 days of seed treating followed by using lithovit at 500 mgl<sup>-1</sup>, Algae extract at 20 mll<sup>-1</sup>, benzyl adenine (BA) at 50 mgl<sup>-1</sup>., mineral elements at 500 mgl<sup>-1</sup> and benzyl adenine the at the lowest concentration i.e., 25 mgl<sup>-1</sup> in descending order.
On contrary, germination of seeds and seedlings growth traits were significantly decreased with paclobutrazol treatments in both seasons compared with the control treatment.
Moringa,Benzyl adenine,Paclobutrazol,Algae extract,lithovit and seed germination
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194256.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194256_5ad133223178dcbc184c725b317808b7.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Using of Some Antioxidants for Cotrolling of Mosaic Causing Viruses on Vegetables In Minia Governorate, Egypt.
189
196
EN
O.I.
SALEH
Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agricuture, Minia
10.21608/assjm.2021.194259
In previous works, it has been reported that three viruses affecting some economic vegetable crops and causing severe losses in yield.These viruses, were cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), hibiscus chlortic ringspot virus (HCRSV) and potato virus Y (PVY) .The effect of aquaeous extracts of some medicinal plants on diseases caused by these viral was reported in previous paper (<strong>Saleh <em>et al</em></strong><em>.</em>, 2019<em>)</em>. This paper delt with the effect of some antioxidants in cotrolling these virus diseases. The antioxdants are ascorbic, benzoic, citric, and salycylic acids at different concentration (50, 100, and 200 ppm). Application , of some antioxidants either as soaking host seeds or spraying before inoculation have marked inhibitory effect and reduced disease infection and alleviated symmptoms particularly at older ages.
antioxidants,CMV,HCRSV,PVY
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194259.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194259_a661db442e2adadd604c84d4b727cc25.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Efficacy of some Bio-agents, Chemical Inducers and Fungicides in Controlling Tomato Root Rot Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani
197
210
EN
Heba E.
Aboelmagd
Plant pathol. Dept., Fac. Agric., Benha Univ., Egypt.
10.21608/assjm.2021.194261
Root rot diseasecaused by<em>Rhizoctonia</em><em> solani</em>; is one of the most common destructive tomato diseases. Many different agents <em>i.e.</em>, biological agents, chemical inducers and fungicides were investigated for their antagonistic effects on growth of <em>R. solani in vitro</em>. The obtained results showed that, maximum inhibitory effect “100%” was obtained by most tested fungicides <em>i.e.</em> Rizolex–T, Maxim-XL and Moncut followed by salicylic acid at 8mM as chemical inducers. Also, <em>Glomus</em> sp and <em>T. viride</em> as bio-agents were most effective treatments against <em>R. solani</em> where they inhibited the growth of <em>R. solani</em> by 67.22 and 64.07%, respectively followed by oxalic acid at 8 mM and K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub> at 15 mM treatments which recorded 59.6 and 44.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, chitosan treatment was the least inhibitive treatment <em>in vitro</em>. Under greenhouse conditions, chitosan was the highest effective treatment in reducing incidence severity of tomato root rot disease as well as increased the assessed vegetative parameters. Moreover, all tested treatments clearly increased the total phenol content and activities of plant defense-related enzymes. As for tomato root anatomy, most treatments increased root diameter of treated tomato plants. Where, <em>T. viride</em> followed by <em>B. subtilis</em> treatments were the best comparing with control treatment.
Rhizoctonia solani,Tomato,bio-agents - chemical inducers,fungicides,total phenols - plant defense-related enzymes - root anatomy
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194261.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194261_fd6618e9f2c1cef44e712e06951144b7.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Validation of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) Linked to Drought Susceptibility Index in Diallel Cross Wheat
211
224
EN
Fathallah
Borhamy
Abass
Genetics and cytology -Genetic Engineering Division-National Research Center-Giza-Egypt
fathy_abassy@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.194263
Wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L). is one of the most crucial staple food crops in Egypt and worldwide it is adversely affected by water stress. The study aims at examine the genetic characterization of nine bread wheat genotypes, Sahel-1 (P1), Gemmiza-9 (P2), Sakha-94 (P3), Misr-1 (P4), Giza-168 (P5), L146 (P6),L133 (P7), L142 (P8) and L147 (P9) using microsatellite (SSR) markers. A total number of 48 scorable bands were amplified by five SSR primers. Thirty-four out of 48 fragments were monomorphic bands (70.83%), thus 14 loci were polymorphic (29. 17% polymorphasim).PIC value of the five SSR primers ranged from 0.863 to 0.881 with an average of 0. 870. The Nei genetic identity index ranged from 0.81 to 0.95. The genetic similarity among nine parents of wheat fell into three main clusters.
wheat (Triticum aestivum L),drought,SSR
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194263.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194263_4d0faa3a9ae167ea3391fbb9b8a452a7.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Genetic Variability, Heritability, Genetic Advance, and Correlation Analysis in F2 Segregating Population of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).
225
232
EN
A. A.
Al-Araby
Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt.
asem_alaraby@agr.tanta.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.194267
Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Egypt. We aimed to investigate the genetic variability parameters, heritability, genetic advance, and correlation coefficient analysis for some important traits. Therefore, we evaluated the cross Ms35 × I-4, along with its parents and F<sub>2</sub> generation, at Ad-Daljamun village, Kafr El-Zayat, Egypt, during the 2017 summer season. High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was found for average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, and weight of fruits per plant. Heritability in broad sense was very high for number of fruits per truss, number of days to 50% mature fruits, average fruit weight, total soluble solids content, number of fruits per plant, and weight of fruits per plant. The genetic advance as percentage of the mean (GA%) was high for number of flowers per inflorescence, number of fruits per truss, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, and weight of fruits per plant. Generally, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, and weight of fruits per plant, had high values of genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, and GA%, therefore, they are important for the direct selection. The correlation coefficient analysis indicated a high association between weight of fruits per plant and average fruit weight, also, between number of fruits per plant and each of number of inflorescences per plant, number of flowers per inflorescence, and number of fruits per truss. Moreover, a high correlation was found between number of flowers per inflorescence and number of fruits per truss.
Coefficient of variation,phenotypic correlation,genotypic correlation,selection intensity,selection differential
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194267.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194267_683da8a49f026dcd7fdf0296a6fda929.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Efficiency of Three Breeding Methods on Three Bread Wheat Populations
233
246
EN
K. A.
Bayoumi
Agronomy. Dep, Fac. of Agric, Moshtohor, Egypt
drkhaled43@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.194269
The present study was carried out at the Experimental Research Station of Moshtohor, Benha University, Qalubia Governorate, Egypt during the three successive seasons of 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of three methods of selection used in the wheat breeding program namely; pedigree method (PM), bulk method (BM) and single seed descent method (SSDM). The final evaluation of the F5 generation of three crosses i.e.,Sids 12 × Line 116, Gemmiza 11 × Line 145 and Gemmiza 11 × line 124 was done during 2017/2018 season. The high yielding selected lines were evaluated in nested design with three replications in each cross. The efficiency of the breeding methods was evaluated on the basis of the following parameters: mean performance results in the first cross (Sids 12 × Line 116) indicated that, the differences between breeding methods. The pedigree method gave the highest values for grain yield/plant and number of spikes/plant. While the Bulk method gave the highest values for 1000-kernel weight, however, single seed descent (SSD) method exhibited significantly for number of kernels/spike. Pedigree method is considered the best breeding method for grain yield/ plant, number of spikes/plant and the second for 1000-Kernel weight, than those bulk and SSD method in this cross (Sids 12 × Line 116). The pedigree method produced consistently more superior lines for grain yield/plant compared to the best parent or the average population. The best lines were number No. 7 (67.97 g), No. 5 (66.61 g), No. 9 (64.6 g), No. 19 (63.48 g), No. 8 (60.19 g), No. 20 (59.11 g), No. 4 (58.89 g), No. 2 (57.36 g), No. 3 (56.18 g) No. 18 (55.47 g), No. 13 (55.21 g), No. 17 (54.83 g), No. 16 (54.24 g), No. 15 (54.21 g) and No. 12 (52.51 g) for pedigree method. But in bulk method line No. 19 (57.76 g) was more superior compared to the best parent or the average population. The mean squares for breeding methods in the second cross (Gemmiza 11 × Line 145) were significant for yield and its components. The pedigree method gave the highest values for grain yield/plant, number of kernels / spike, number of spikes / plant and 1000- kernel weight<strong>.</strong> Pedigree method is considered the best breeding method for grain yield/ plant, number of spikes / plant, number of kernels / spike and 1000- Kernel weight, than those SSD and bulk methods in this cross (Gemmiza 11 × Line 145). The pedigree method produced consistently more superior lines for grain yield / plant compared to the best parent or the average population. The best lines were number No. 5 (59.01 g), No. 14 (57.44 g), No. 15 (56.29 g) and No. 16 (56.29 g) for pedigree method. There aren't any lines significant higher in bulk method and single seed descent method than the best parent in this cross. The mean squares for breeding methods in the third cross (Gemmiza 11 × line 124) were significant for yield and its components. The pedigree method gave the highest values for grain yield / plant, number of spikes / plant, number of kernels / spike and 1000-Kernel weight<strong>. </strong>Pedigree method is considered the best breeding method for grain yield / plant, number of spikes / plant, number of kernels / spike and 1000-Kernel weight, than those SSD and bulk method in this cross (Gemmiza 11 × line 124).
Breeding methods,Pedigree,modified bulk,single seed descent,Wheat
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194269.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194269_a1b064696a1780377669f704ab7babef.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Combining Ability Analysis Using Diallel Crosses among Nine Inbred Lines of Corn under Two Nitrogen Levels
247
258
EN
mohamed
saeed
gad
Agronomy, agriculture, Benha, kaha, Egypt
mohamedsaeedgad@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.194271
A half diallel cross between 9 inbred lines of maize was evaluated at two different nitrogen levels(60 and 120 kgN/fed.) for nine quantitative characters. Nitrogen level and crosses mean squares were significant for all traits under study. Significant crosses x nitrogen level mean squares were obtained for all studied traits except, No. of rows/ear. General and specific combing ability mean squares were significant for all traits, except days to 50% tasseling date. For days to tasseling and no of rows/ ear at low nitrogen rate; silking at high nitrogen level; shelling% at high nitrogen level and combined analysis and plant height, ear height, no of kernels/ row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield/ plant in both and across nitrogen levels. High ratios which largely exceeded the unity were obtained, indicating that a large part of the total genetic variability associated with these traits was a result of additive and additive by additive gene action. For remain cases, GCA/SCA ratios were less than unity. Therefore, it could be concluded that the large portion of the total genetic variability for these traits was due to non-additive gene action. The parental inbred lines No. 1, 6 and 7 gave positive and significant () effects for grain yield/ plant and one or more of its components. The parental combination P<sub>1</sub>xP<sub>3</sub>, P<sub>1</sub>xP<sub>4</sub>, P<sub>1</sub>xP<sub>5</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>xP<sub>4</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>xP<sub>7</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>xP<sub>9,</sub> P<sub>3</sub>xP<sub>4,</sub> P<sub>3</sub>xP<sub>5</sub>, P<sub>3</sub>xP<sub>6</sub>,<sub>,</sub> P<sub>4</sub>xP<sub>6,</sub> P<sub>5</sub>xP<sub>6</sub>, P<sub>6</sub>xP<sub>7</sub>, P<sub>6</sub>xP<sub>9,</sub> P<sub>7</sub>xP<sub>8</sub> and P<sub>7</sub>xP<sub>9</sub> for grain yield/plant exhibited significant positive effects being 62.61, 20.37, 92.43, 42.37, 42.06, 17.94, 12.38, 10.57, 21.08, 53.52, 7.27, 14.95, 13.53, 42.00 and 49.83, respectively. The crosses 1x3, 2x7, 7x8, 7x9, 8x9 in low nitrogen environment, 1x3, 1x4, 1x5, 1x7, 2x4, 2x7, 6x7, 7x8, 7x9 and 8x9 at low nitrogen environment and 1x3, 1x5, 2x4, 2x7, 6x7, 7x8, 7x9 and 8x9 in the combined data gave the highest mean value of grain yield / plant.
Maize,Combining ability,nitrogen levels,GxE
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194271.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194271_081945edf0f32f2264da5c8b7c5556f8.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Gene Action and Heterosis for growth and yield in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.)
259
266
EN
Omar
009647805779171
Abed Ahmed
Minstary of agriculture
omarsumy1980@gmail.com
Jassem
M. Aziz aljubory
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tikrit university , Iraq
djasemfeahth@yahoo.com
A.A.A.
EL-Hosary
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.
a.elhosaryaa@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.194274
Knowledge of type of gene action controlling target traits and genetic behavior is a basic principle for designing an appropriate breeding procedure for the purpose of genetic improvement. Hence, the success of any selection or hybridization breeding program for developing varieties depends on precise estimates of genetic variation components for traits of interest which may be additive, dominant and non-allelic interaction effects. Heterosis and nature of genetic effects on ealiness and yield traits were studied in a 10x10 diallel cross without reciprocals in wheat to define and select efficient and prospective material for immediate use in hybridization programs to improve grain yield of wheat in Iraq. Parents and F<sub>1</sub> were evaluated using (RCBD) with 3 replications for quantitative traits in (2017/2018) season. Significant genotype mean squares and its components (parents and crosses) were obtained for all traits in both generations. Significant heterosis in F<sub>1</sub> generation was obtained for all studied traits. The useful heterosis of grain yield plant<sup>-1</sup> relative to better parent varied from 12.46 to 36.82% in F<sub>1</sub> crosses. The P7(Millan)xP8(Hithab) and P7(Millan)xP9(Ibaa 99) were the best crosses for grain yield heterosis. General (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability mean squares were significant for all traits. MS (GCA)/ MS (SCA) ratios indicated the relative importance of additive and additive by additive gene action in their inheritance for all the traits except for earliness and no. of spike plant<sup>-1</sup>. The three parents P1(Abu-Graib), P3(Osais), P5(Florka) and P9 (Ibaa 99) gave the highest positive significant effects for grain yield plant<sup>-1</sup> in the F<sub>1</sub> crosses. Twelve crosses showed significantly desirable heterotic effects for grain yield most studied traits.
Wheat,diallel analysis,gene action,Combining ability
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194274.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194274_f372ef10dd805ae94e6b6ed2b191b18c.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Estimation of Combining Ability and Gene Action for Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum.L)
267
274
EN
Barazan
Ahmed Mohammed Al-Mfarji
Ministry of Agriculture, Kirkuk Agriculture Directorate . Iraq.
10.21608/assjm.2021.194779
Combining ability analysis for grain yield and its components, and nature of gene action in bread wheat were investigated using twelve lines (L1 “FLORKA” , L2 “MALLIN” , L3 “KLAK” , L4 “RIZGARY” ,L5 “ARAS” ,L6 “SITEMALL” ,L7 “HIDHAB” ,L8 “ALLAI” ,L9 “OASIS” ,L10 “KAUZ” , L11 “ADANA99” and L12 “ACSAD5”) and three testers (T1 “ABU GHRAIB 3” ,T2 “SHAM 6” and T3 “API 99” ) and thus 36 crosses produced in line x tester mating design which were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. Study on gene action revealed the preponderance of non-additive gene action for all traits On the basis of GCA effects, the parents KLAK, ARAS, SITEMALL, ALLAI and tester ABU GHRAIB3 were identified as good general combiners revealing their in desirable direction. Hybrid ABU GHRAIB 3×ALLAI and SHAM6× KAUZ was found to be the best specific cross combination for grain yield and eight traits. However, the best specific cross combinations for other contributing traits were ABU GHRAIB 3× FLORKA for days to 50% heading, ABU GHRAIB 3× FLORKA for plant height in desirable direction for low height of plant and API 99×FLORKA for plant height in desirable direction for height of plant , API 99×ADANA 99 and SHAM6× FLORK for Number of spikelets /spike, SHAM6× KAUZ for leaf area ABU GHRAIB 3 ×ACSAD5 for number of tillers per plant and Number of spikes /plant, ×ABU GHRAIB 3 ALLAI and API 99×ALLAI Number of grains/spike, API 99×ALLAI Biological yield/plant API 99×ALLAI and ABU GHRAIB 3 ×ALLAI for Grain yield/plant, ABU GHRAIB 3 ×ALLAI for harvest index and ABU GHRAIB 3× KLAK for 1000 grain weight.
Wheat,Line × tester,combing ability. gene action
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194779.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194779_0eca34e7dd47beaeb12a083a6d3759ce.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Heterosis and Correlations Studies for Flowering Characters, Yield and Yield Components in Squash (Cucurbita Pepo L.)
275
286
EN
Talaat
Sharaf
Horticulture, moshtohor agriculture, Egypt
eid_talaat@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.194781
The main goal of this study is to investigate inheritance of some economic characters of squash genotypes and its hybrids and reciprocals. This experiment was carried out during 2017 and 2018 seasons. Ten advanced inbred lines of summer squash (<em>Cucurbita pepo</em> L.) named MHSQ-1= P1, MHSQ-2= P2, MHSQ-3= P3, MHSQ-4= P4, MHSQ-5= P5, MHSQ-6= P6, MHSQ-7= P7, MHSQ-8= P8, MHSQ-9= P9 and MHSQ-10= P10 were planted in Misr Hytech seed int. Co. research farm. The advanced 10 inbred lines were used in complete diallel mating design to study genetic parameters of some economic characters viz., number of days to first female flower (D.F.F.F.), sex ratio, fruit weight (F.W. g), total soluble solids percentage (T.S.S %), number of fruits per plant (N.F.P.) and total yield per plant (T.Y.P. g) of resulted ninety straight and reciprocal F1 hybrids relative to mid and better parents and two commercial check cultivars ''Aziad and New Eskandarani''. <strong>Results</strong> of mean squares for (D.F.F.F.) traits exhibited that significant or high significant for all types of variations. Moreover, sex ratio was high significant for all types of variations. Mean squares for fruit weight (F.W.) was significant or high significant for all types of variations except reciprocal effect. T.S.S recorded insignificant values of mean squares. Mean squares for (N.F.P.) and (T.Y.P.) characters were found high significant. Heterosis for (D.F.F.F.) and sex ratio traits showed different levels of significance with positive and negative values except some hybrids. Heterosis (F.W ) and (T.S.S.) exhibited some hybrids with significant or high significant positive or negative values. Heterosis for (N.F.P.) and (T.Y.P.) showed several hybrids having different heterotic effects. Phenotypic Correlation coefficient analysis showed different degrees of correlations between all studied traits.
Heterosis,Correlations,squash,flowering,yield
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194781.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194781_f86d2cfe9936bbb6d377b19d2f38e22e.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
In Vitro Propagation of Blackberries (Rubus sp) Prime-Ark 45 Cultivar
287
294
EN
G.A.
Baghdady
Department of Horticulture , Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr city ,Cairo, Egypt.
gabdrabboh65@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.194782
This investigation was carried out to study the possibility of using <em>in vitro</em> technique for propagation Blackberry (<em>Rubus sp < /em>) Prime-Ark 45 cultivar. Explants of Blackberry Prime-Ark 45 cultivar were sterilized in 0.1% of sodium hypochlorite for 15 min to get aseptic culture. In starting stage, tow explants shoot tips and axillary buds were cultured on MS media supplemented with NAA at 0.0, 0.01 and 0.1 mg /L and BA at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg /L in addition to sucrose at 3% and agar at 7 g/L. The results of starting stage showed that adding the combination between BA and NAA at 1.0 and 0.01 mg/L respectively to MS media caused the highest shoots number and shoot fresh weight compared with control and other treatments. The axillary buds were superior to shoot tips explants regarding survival percentage and other morphological characteristics. The highest shoots number and shoot fresh weight (g) were obtained when micro-shoots of tested CV., cultured on MS media supplemented with BA and KIN both at 1.0 mg /L compared with those of control and other treatments. Cytokine BA was superior to KIN regarding to mass production at multiplication stage. Halh-strenght MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg /L of NAA and IBA caused the highest root formation percentage, roots number and root length (cm) for micro-shoots of Blackberry Prime-Ark 45 variety. IBA was superior to NAA regarding roots number and root formation percentage at rooting stage. The highest root length (cm) was obtained when micro-shoots of the tested cv., were cultured on MS media supplemented with NAA at 2.0 mg /L compared with the same concentration of IBA.
micropropagation,PGR,auxins,Cytokinins, Sterilization, Berries
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194782.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194782_dd32f39b572c2d911414382331dd4a88.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Short-Term Conservation of Somatic Embryo Clusters for Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera l.) Cv. Amry
295
302
EN
G.A.
Baghdady
Department of Horticulture , Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr city ,Cairo, Egypt.
gabdrabboh65@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.194783
This work aimed to develop a conservation protocol for date palm cv. Amry, an Egyptian semi dry rare cultivar. Slow growth conditions of storage studied by using low temperature at 15°C, beside the manipulation of salt strength of nutrient medium,( MS, 1/2 MS or1/4 MS) in combination with osmotic agent addition sucrose, sorbitol, or mannitol at constant concentration (0.3 M) for each, to conserve somatic embryos clusters explants, which obtained previously through direct somatic embryogenesis of inflorescences explants. Survival percentage and recovery were evaluated after 6 months of conservation period. Results showed that conserved somatic embryos clusters explants on full MS, ½ MS, conservation medium supplemented with sucrose or sorbitol recorded the highest significant survival percentage on full MS, ½ MS, where the lowest significant survival percentage was obtained when somatic embryos were conserved on 1/4 medium supplemented with mannitol . Best shoot number and shoot length recovery under normal growth conditions achieved on conservation medium supplemented with sucrose in comp inaction with reducing the full MS salt strength to the half for 6 months of conservation period under low temperature at 15°C<em>.</em>
date palm,Sorbitol,Mannitol,sucrose,Slow growth conditions,Germplasm conservation
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194783.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194783_d2755bcca60321c550a687a867d971b4.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Establishment Somatic Embryogenesis of Some Mango Rootstocks in Vitro
303
310
EN
Hosny
Fathy
Shehata
Agriculture ; Horticulture ; Cairo ; Egypt
hosny_fathy86@azhar.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.194784
This work was an attempt to develop an <em>In vitro</em> technique for accomplished somatic embryos of some polyembryonic mango rootstocks (Saber and 13-1). Standardize in-vitro regeneration protocol in producing disease free; true-to-type and homogeneous high quality plants are prerequisite. Nucellar tissues from immature mango fruits of poly-embryonic rootstocks. The two mango rootstocks were cultured on full strength of B5 and MS media supplemented with different concentrations of some amino acids and vitamins. Embryos of (Saber and 13-1were used as a source of immature embryos (after pollination and fertilization stages) as explants. All 15 of day-old immature embryos of Sabre and 13-1 mango rootstocks were died after two months, while all other embryo ages 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 day-old were growth after the same time, also the best germination percentage, when immature embryos were cultured on the same media after 40 and 50 days from pollination and fertilization stages. MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg /L of BA possessed the highest embryos number per germinated embryo compared with another rootstock on the same media. The highest germinated embryos achieved when somatic embryogenesis of tow mango rootstocks were cultured on half – strength MS media were supplemented with 30% sucrose compared with other treatments. Half-strength MS was superior to full-strength MS media on germination stage. Saber mango rootstock was superior to 13-1 rootstock regarding to the direct somatic embryogenesis; development of embryos; large scale somatic embryogenesis and the highest germination percentage and number of germinated embryos; on the other hand, Saber mango rootstock was least mango rootstock regarding the highest death percentage of embryos compared with 13-1 mango rootstock<strong>. </strong>It could be recommended that somatic embryogenesis technique possibility of a rapid multiplication on the mango rootstocks saber and 13-1 grew into plantlets.
Saber,13-1,B5,MS,immature embryos, Nucellar, embryo culture, germination
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194784.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194784_5a798e57d29a4bec4c16f743ab0b58ce.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Isolation, Characterization and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Probiotic
311
322
EN
Abou-Aly
Hamed E.
Fac. of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
haboualy@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.194809
Lactic acid bacteria that grow as the adventitious microflora of foods or that are added to foods as cultures are generally considered to be harmless or even an advantage for human health. The objective of this study was to isolate, screen and identify lactic acid bacteria from different sources. As well, evaluate the more potent lactic acid bacteria isolates for their probiotic characteristics. Ninety-six bacterial isolates were isolated from different 18 sources, 51 (53%) isolates were able to hydrolyze 0.5% bile salts while 28 isolates were able to hydrolyze 1% bile salts. Also, only 11 isolates were able to tolerate 2% bile salts after 6h incubation periods. On the other hand, lactic acid bacteria isolates were able to survive at pH 1.5 and 3.0 as well 8.0. Also, these isolates were potent for cholesterol assimilation, NaCl tolerance, exopolysaccharides production, antioxidant activity. Lactic acid bacteria isolate MS87 that exhibited excellent probiotic characteristics was identified using 16S rRNA sequence as <em>Pediococcus pentosaceus</em>. This study led to suggest that environmental-derived lactic acid bacteria-strains could be used as a potential source of probiotic.
lactic acid bacteria,probiotics,bile salts tolerance,Antibiotic sensitivity,Cholesterol assimilation
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194809.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194809_e3c6e321f6ba44a5365693de6e11bdff.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Identification and Characterization of Antioxidant and Bioactive Components of Mirabilis Jalapa and Dracocephalum Moldavica L. Plants
323
330
EN
Abd Allah
El-Sayed
El-Hadary
0000-0002-5784-8606
Agriculture Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
elhadary.a@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.194817
This study was conducted <em>Mirabilis Jalapa</em> and Dragonhead leaves and seeds to evaluate bioactive components. Carbohydrates represent the major component in the <em>Mirabilis.J</em> (75.20%).The content of Dragonhead Lipids and protein (28.5 – 23.9 %) was higher than that of <em>Mirabilis.J</em> (4.5 – 10.4%) respectively. <em>Mirabilis.J</em> and Dragonheadoil contains high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. The unsaturated fatty acids of <em>Mirabilis.J</em> and Dragonheadoil were (79.21 and 88.55%) of total fatty acids respectively. The major unsaturated fatty acids in <em>Mirabilis.J</em> were linoleic acid (31.48%) followed by oleic (20.38%) and Gama linolenic (18.39%), while, total saturated fatty acids content was 17.87%. Dragonhead seed oil contains also major unsaturated fatty acids were Alfa-linolenic (51.88%) followed by linoleic (23.38%) and oleic acid (12.16%). Total phenolic and total flavonoid compounds, scavenging radical effect on 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis (3-ethlbenzthiazoline-3-sulfonic acid) radical-scavenging activity were investigated .The specific phenolic and flavonoid composition quantification for ethanolic extract were performed by HPLC. presence 21 phenolic compounds in dragonhead ethanolic extract. The highest quantities were , ellagic, benzoic, salycillic, ferulic, iso-ferulic and catechein while in <em>Mirabilis.J</em> ethanolic extract were pyrogallol, catechein, salycillic ,chlorogenic, ellagic and benzoic acid were found as the major phenols. Naringin, kamp.3, (2-p-comaroyl) glucose, luteolin.7glucose, hespirdin, rutin, apig.6arbinose.8.galactose, apigenin.-7 -ᴏ-neohes and quercetrin were found as the major flavonoids in dragonhead ethanolic extract however naringin, hespirdin, kamp.3, (2comaroyl) glucose and rutin were found as the major flavonoids in <em>Mirabilis jalapa</em>.
Mirabilis jalapa,Dragonhead,fatty acids,Phenolic and Flavonoid compounds
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194817.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194817_cd111d583096b7bdbd76aebf9bd8bde3.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Kinetic Studies of Catalase And Peroxidase Enzymes Extracted From Garlic Cloves (Allium Sativum L.)
331
338
EN
Abd Allah
El-Sayed
El-Hadary
0000-0002-5784-8606
Agriculture Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
elhadary.a@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.194818
Garlic cloves belongs to the genus Allium and family <em>liliaceae</em>, is one of the more commonly used health supplements and its therapeutic benefits. Many attempts were carried out to elucidate its importance since it contains natural antioxidant enzymes, i.e. catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). These natural enzymes were extracted from garlic cloves and their activities and kinetic characterization were investigated. The results indicated that the activity, protein content and specific activity of catalase and peroxidase were (2.05 Units/ml, 204.4 Units/ml), (4.2 mg/ml, 5.11mg/ml) and (0.448 Units/mg protein, 40 Units/mg protein), respectively. The optimum pH and temperature of these enzymes under investigation were 7.0, 5.5 and 40ºC, 50ºC, respectively. The K<sub>m</sub> and V<sub>max </sub>for catalase and peroxidase enzymes were equalled to (1.88 ml/100ml, 0.37ml/100ml) and (6.43 Units/ml/min, 16.58Units/ml/min) , respectively.
Garlic cloves,Antioxidant enzymes,catalase,peroxidase
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194818.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194818_da0c74210039170a08f335919f265e1c.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Ethanolic leaves Extracts of Annona Muricata. Linn on Hyperlipidemic Rats
339
348
EN
Nesrein
S.Salim
nesreen.salem@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.194820
Annona muricata (soursop) is an evergreen tropical which has become an important crop because of its tasty flavor, high pulp content, and nutritional value and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to determine the phytochemicals as well as antioxidants present in the plant. The ethanolic leaf extract contains a high phenol content and flavonoide 508.27 mg/GAE(Gallic acid equivalence) extract and 35.99 mg/QE (quercetin equivalents) extract respectively. <strong> </strong>Ethanolic extract of annona muricata leaves was tested for antioxidant capacity with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis (3-ethlbenzthiazoline-3-sulfonic acid)) method. The result showed that antioxidant capacity of annona leaves were 85.9 % and 79.29, respectively. Oral ethanolic extracts of adminstration of Annona at different levels (200 and 300 mg/kg) to albino rats showed significant decrease in liver ,and kidney functionse, levels of total lipids, triglycerids, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol comparing with positive control.
Annona muricata Linn,antioxidant capacity,DPPH,extraction, hyperliedimic
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194820.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194820_bbc9c8a02417350f0c63872a8328fb70.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Production of Biogas by Using Different Pretreatments of Rice Straw Under Aerobic and Semi Aerobic Conditions.
349
360
EN
Farhat
Fouda
Frahat F.A. Foda
Biochemistry banha
farhat.fouda@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.194823
Hared lignocellulosic structure of rice straw is the main hindrance in biogas production process. Thus, laboratory scale batch experiment was conducted to study the effect of different pretreatments of rice straw on anaerobic digestion. For this reasons, different pretreatments of rice straw prior anaerobic digestion was run using chemical activator, cattle dung, <em>Tricoderma viride, phanerochaete chrysosporium</em> and effective microorganisms under aerobic and semi aerobic conditions to study the effect of these pretreatments on the speed and production of biogas. The results indicated that semi aerobic pretreatment has significantly increased the production of biogas more than aerobic pretreatments. The highest yield of biogas and methane production were obtained after anaerobic digestion process at three days from pretreatments. Pretreatment T4 (rice straw + cattle dung + effective microorganisms + starter) achieved in semi aerobic in biogas and methane higher than aerobic pretreatments where, obtained 9.37, 5.94 L biogas and 5.42, 3.22 L methane, respectively. Biogas and methane production rates were based on either total solid or volatile solid where, ranged between 46.60- 381.83 L/Kg consumed biogas and 18.98- 220.86 L/Kg consumed methane. Volatile fatty acids concentration were increased during pretreatments to reach the highest concentration after three days, then decreased subsequently, meanwhile the concentration decreased after anaerobic fermentation process. Also, the pH values increased at the end of anaerobic digestion the values ranged between 7.02-8.28.Ammonical- N concentration was decreased during pretreatments to reach its lowest the concentration after seven days, then decreased at the end of fermentation process where, ranged between 23-138 mg/Kg in final anaerobic digestion process. Pretreatment T4B3 (rice straw + cattle dung + effective microorganisms + starter) after three days from semi aerobic led to the best biogas manure which contents much humic substances. <em> </em>
Biogas,lignocellulosic,anaerobic digestion,microorganisms,aerobic and semi aerobic pretreatment,fermentation process
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194823.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194823_78a7f2923640b37e8d0b911d8dfc72ae.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Production and Evaluation of Alpha-Amylase Produced From Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens
361
372
EN
Farhat
Fouda
Frahat F.A. Foda
Biochemistry banha
farhat.fouda@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.194824
This research was carried out to determine the optimal environmental and nutritional factors for amylase production and its activity by bacterial strains <em>Bacillus amyloliquef</em><em>aciens</em> as well as to evaluate the kinetic characterization of the produced α-amylase. From the obtained results showed that the optimum pH, inoculum size, fermentation period, incubation temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources for produced glucose and amylase activity were 7.0, 1500 μl /ml, 72 h, 37<sup>o</sup>C, starch and tryptone, respectively when the basal broth medium was used as a fermentation medium rather than the using of starch broth medium for the production of α-amylase. In addition, data showed that the shaking method was better than the static one for amylase production. Moreover, the optimal conditions for fermentation process gave a higher records of produced glucose and amylase activity rather than each factor individually. The values of amylase activity, protein content and specific amylase activity were 697.60 U/ml, 57.14 mg/ ml and 12.21U /mg protein, respectively.
Concerning the factors affecting on produced α- amylase activity were evaluated. From the obtained results , the optimum temperature and pH values of the produced α-amylase from<em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens </em>were found to be 65 <sup>o</sup>C and 6.0, respectively and the reaction activity were reached their maximum values were 15.46 U/ml /min for temperature and 18.8 U/ml/min for pH. The V<sub>max</sub> and K<sub>m</sub> values of the production enzyme under investigation were determined by incubation fixed amount of enzyme with varied concentrations of soluble starch at 65 <sup>o</sup>C , pH 6.0 and 15 min were 32.3 U/ml/min and 1.596 ml/100 ml, respectively . On the other hand, the obtained resulted indicated that the metal ion concentration of 1 mM had a greater effect on enzyme activities than 5 mM. The relative activities of the produced α-amylase were activated by Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> at 1 mM, but strongly inhibited by Mn<sup>2+</sup> and Ni<sup>2+</sup> at both 1 mM and 5 mM concentrations.
α-amylase,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,production,fermentation,Optimization,Kinetic parameters
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194824.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_194824_d7b3c8afb12733da2368ebcf5fcf407a.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Distillation Period and Storage Conditions on Quality Attributes of Egyptian and Syrian Cumin Essential Oils
373
388
EN
Mohamed
K. Morsy
Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qaluobia, Egypt.
mohamed.abdelhafez@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195004
The aim of current study was to evaluate the effect of distillation time and storage conditions up to 12 months on quality and stability of Egyptian and Syrian cumin essential oil. The distillation time were run as 3 fractions (F<sub>1</sub>: first 6 h; F<sub>2</sub>: between 7 and 8 h; and F<sub>3</sub>: between 9 and12 h. The stability, physicochemical, and composition of cumin oil at room temperature and refrigerator up to 12 months were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the yield percentage of Egyptian cumin essential oil (ECEO) was (5.59%) and Syrian cumin essential oil (SCEO) was (3.36%). The oil produced at first 6 h of distillation (F<sub>1</sub>) with best quality (~90%), followed by F<sub>2</sub> (~7.50%) and F<sub>3</sub> (2.50%). The 18 compounds were identified in CEO and the main compounds were cuminaldehydes, β-pinene, β-myrcene,<em> p < /em>-cymene, d-limonene, and g-terpinene. In addition, the results demonstrated that storage at different temperature influences on the quality and composition of cumin oil especially at room temperature. During the storage the components i.e. a-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, d-limonene and g-terpinene were decreased, while <em>p < /em>-cymene was increased however, cuminaldehyde increased during 12 months at room temperature compared with refrigerator. The sensory attributes of CEO stored at refrigerator was significantly higher than room temperature. These results confirmed that ECEO is better than SCEO during processing and more stable during storage.
Essential oils,cumin seed,steam distillation,storage stability,Quality
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195004.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195004_e0062b04dcd549c4747aa1ef6c4f4454.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Application of the HACCP System during the Production of Tomato Paste
389
402
EN
Osama
M. Gaber
1 Food Technology Department, Agriculture Faculty, Benha University, Qaluobia, Egypt.
2 Harvest Foods Company, Egypt.
omga09@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195005
Food Safety is a fundamental public health concern, and achieving a safe supply poses major challenges for organisations involved in the food chain. A vide number of food borne hazards, both familiar and new, pose risks to health and obstructions to international trade in foods. These hazards must be properly analysed, assessed and managed to meet growing and increasingly complex sets of global food chain. Proper implementation of food hygiene principles across the food chain in conjunction with Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points system will ensure food safety. In this study, microbiological, pesticide residuals and heavy metals qualities of a tomato (<em>Lycopersicon esculentum</em>) paste (36-38%) production line (ripe tomato, washing, sorting, crushing, refining, concentrating, sterilization and aseptic filling) and its preservation in UCI company was studied using the HACCP method. Samples generated during the steps described previously were analyzed by determining microbiological characteristics. Samples were analyzed for total aerobic bacterial count, coliform count and yeast & mould count . The microorganisms involved in spoilage of products were <em>E. Coli</em>, <em>Bacillus</em>, <em>Staphylococcus</em>,<em> Salmonella</em> and <em>Clostridium </em>bacteria . Results of the critical control points (CCPs) of tomato paste processing line. The analysis of selected microbiological parameters during production tomato paste that was down gradually until get the finally product within agreement for theEgyptian Standards. The preserved tomato paste exhibited a pesticide residue was lower than those presented in theEgyptian and the EU Standards. On the other hand, Results of heavy metals was not detected for finaly proudeted .
Hazard Analysis,HACCP,tomato paste,Microbiological qualities,Heavy metals,Pesticide Residues,critical control points,CCPs
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195005.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195005_3bc10e1ee3a21d5cdb05f393945023dc.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Characteristics of Acid Soluble Collagen from Catfish (Clarias Lazera) Skin
403
410
EN
Hussein
Abdelaal
Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
hussein.galil@mu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195006
Fish wastes such as skin, scales, bones and fins are major by-products in the fishery and aquaculture industries have received significant attention in recent years as an alternative source of collagen. Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) was extracted from the skin of catfish<strong><em> (Clarias </em></strong>lazera<strong><em>)</em></strong>. It was characterized in terms of chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat and ash content), Thermal denaturation temperatures (Td), solubility, SDS-PAGE and amino acid analysis. The results indicated that the yield of ASC was 5.2% (wet weight basis). The chemical compositions of raw skin were 56.62%, 32.50%, 6.67 and 2.93% while the chemical compositions of ASC 14.03 %, 83%, 1.5% and 1.44% for moisture, protein, fat, and ash, respectively. The distinct absorption of collagen was obtained near 230 nm .The Maximum solubility was (3 mg/ml) in 0.5 M acetic acid at pH 2.5. The denaturation temperature (Td) of ASC was 27 °C and Hunter color L, a, and b values were 76.90, - 3.36 and 13.98 respectively. In conclusion, the characteristics of the isolated ASC indicate that catfish skin had good yield of collagen and it could be served as alternative source of collagen for some applications<strong>.</strong>
collagen,catfish,amino acid,denaturation temperature
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195006.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195006_73fdb252c20f909a87e9162407c85cd5.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Production of Synbiotic-Drinkable Yoghurt Fortified with Different Probiotic Strains and Oat
411
420
EN
M.
B. El-Alfy
Dairy Sci., Dept., Fac., of Agric., , Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt
mbealfy@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195007
<strong><em>Synbiotic-drinkable yoghurt</em></strong>was produced by using some new probiotic bacteria and enriched with 1% oat. The resultant synbiotic-drinkable yoghurts were stored at 5°C and analyzed for physico-chemical, rheological, microbiological and sensory properties when fresh and after 7, 14 and 21 days. The obtained results cleared that the acid development of probiotic bacteria revealed that control sample (C<sub>1</sub>) without probiotic strains or oat and yoghurt with <strong><em>Bifidobacterium breve</em></strong> (B) recorded the highest pH values, while yoghurt with <strong><em>Lactobacillus acidophilus</em></strong> (A) recorded the lowest pH during the fermentation of yoghurt. The chemical composition of the produced yoghurt indicated slightly decreases in carbohydrates and pH values, Moreover there were significantly increased in TS, protein, fat and titratable acidity contents during cold storage. On the other hand, WSN (%), diacetyle (ppm) and viscosity (cp) significantly increased in the fortified treatments comparing to the unfortified control (C<sub>1</sub>). The total viable cell counts of TBC, LAB, <strong><em>Streptococcus thermophilus</em></strong>and probiotic bacteria (log cfu/ml) increased during cold storage through the first 7 days then they decreased thereafter gradually till the end of storage period. Generally, it can be found that enriched synbiotic-drinkable yoghurt treatments with different probiotic strains and oat had higher viable counts compared to control (C<sub>1</sub>); there was an improvement of sensory properties by adding probiotic bacteria and oat.
Synbiotic-drinkable yoghurt,probiotic bacteria,oat,acid development,physico-chemical,microbiological properties
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195007.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195007_3db4731809fe1db3d65605f818886795.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Nutritional Evaluation, Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities of Egyptian amhat date palm fruit
421
432
EN
Y.A.
Salem
Central Laboratory for Date Palm Research and Development.
yathrebsalem75@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195008
Amhat date (soft variety) is one of popular fruit in Egypt. The varieties in Egypt were soft, semi dry and dry, most of Egypt's production of dates is soft, amhat date variety in Egypt is consumed in rutab stage. Therefore, it was necessary to be ripened artificially to increase the shelf life and prevent its unacceptable taste. So, the chemical composition of amhat date were estimated (moisture, total soluble solids, crude protein, fats, crude fiber) . Also , its minerals content were estimated , and the nutritional values of amhat date palm ( khalal , natural rutab and artificial rutab ) were measured .The bioactive compounds were estimated ( total phenolic compounds , simple phenols , total tannins, hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins ) fractionated phenolic compounds and flavonoids by HPLC ( High Performance Liquid Chromatography )were used for measuring the responsible phenolic compounds of anticancer ( caffeine , p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid ) So, the bioactine compounds have important role of khalal amhat date , natural rutab and artificial rutab amhat date as antioxidant , anticancer and antimicrobial agents.
Amhat date,Chemical composition- phenolic compounds,flavonoid compound,Anticancer activity,antimicrobial activity
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195008.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195008_bb7964b7f7d10a604d1d72e621fbf35e.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Impact of Some Probiotic Bacteria on Flavor and Quality of Novel Cheese Slurry
433
444
EN
Elsayed
Elsayed Ali
Ismail
0000-0002-4297-8862
Dairy Science department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha university , Egypt
e.ismail@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195010
<em>F<strong>ive probiotic strains</strong> </em>include<em> <strong>Lactococcus lactis </strong></em><strong>IS9<em>, Bifidobacterium breve</em> ISO8</strong><em>, <strong>Lactobacillus rhamnosus </strong></em><strong>ISO7<em>, Lactobacillus plantarum </em>Eand<em> Lactobacillus plantarum </em>ATCC14917</strong>were studied to be used as adjunct cultures in cheese-making experiments (cheese slurry). The probiotic strains were assessed for their viability, their resistance to NaCl concentrations and their ability to develop pH and acidity. All the tested strains were used in making cheese slurry. Proteolysis and lipolysis of the cheese slurry were improved in which the proteolytic and lipolytic bacterial counts of fresh cheese slurry reached its highest counts at the end of incubation for 7 days at 40ºC. All the prepared cheese slurry had good acceptable properties during the sensory evaluation. The amino and fatty acids profiles demonstrated that the tested probiotic bacteria could be useful for making cheese slurry. Cheese slurry can be an effective vehicle for delivery of some probiotic organisms with good proteolytic and lipolytic properties to wide variety of cheese types.
probiotic,cheese slurry,proteolysis, fatty acids
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195010.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195010_95ae553354876a636d13b01750886d88.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Improve the Nutritive Value of Produced Cake by Replacement Wheat Flour with Pearl Millet Flour
445
454
EN
ashraf
sharoba
Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.
ashraf_sharoba@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195011
<em>Bakeries occupy an important position in human nutrition locally and globally. The result of gap between production and consumption for wheat, the government are imported wheat from different countries. Millets are widely grown in the semiarid tropics of Africa and Asia. It serves as a major food component in various traditional foods such as bread, porridges and snack foods. In this study replacement wheat flour (72% ext.) with pearl millet flour for manufacture the blends of cake. (10% pearl millet flour + 90% wheat flour, 20% pearl millet flour + 80% wheat flour, 30% pearl millet flour + 70% wheat flour and 100% pearl millet flour). The chemical composition, rheological properties, textures, staling, microbiological examination and sensory properties of produced cake and during the storage period of 8 days at 25 ± 1 °C were done. The results showed that a clear and noticeable improvement of all characteristics of produced cake, which was the increase of ash, protein, fiber, fat and carbohydrate compared to the control sample. Therefore, the study recommended that using the pearl millet flour for the manufacture of bakery products.</em>
Millet- chemical composition- rheological properties,Microbiological examination,cake
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195011.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195011_29af1847b5d7fed8e4ced6bb90f20091.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Physico-Chemical and Functional Properties of Functional Yoghurt Made With Different Types of Whey Protein Concentrates (Wpc).
455
462
EN
M. E.
Shenana
Dairy Sci., Dept., Fac., of Agric., Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt
meshenana@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195014
<strong><em>Functional yoghurt</em></strong> was made using different types of whey protein concentrate (WPC). The chemical, physical, microbiological and sensory quality of the produced functional yoghurt were studied. The obtained results reveled that slight differences were observed for acidity, pH, TS, protein, fat and TVFA either for storage periods or between the treatments. Also, the obtained results reveled that T8 (functional yoghurt made with particulated whey protein at pH 5) recorded higher content of TVFA and acetaldehyde followed by T10 (functional yoghurt made with commercial whey protein concentrate powder) either when fresh or during the interval storage periods. The previous results reflected the good properties of physical characteristic of the produced functional yoghurt through increasing the viscosity, WHC and reduce the synersis which affected by the amount of added wpc. On the other hand, the sensory evaluation results indicated that all the produced functional yoghurt were good in their characteristics. The highest scores were recorded after 7 days of storage at 5°C. Also, T9 and T10 which contain 2 and 3% wpc recorded 93.33 and 94.33, respectively.
functional yoghurt,WPC,TVFA,phyico-chemical properties
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195014.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195014_881797534ee0c7a22b36cecc6e02282e.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Improving the Quality of Low-Fat Ice Cream Using Some Fat Replacers
463
472
EN
M. E.
Shenana
Dairy Sci., Dept., Fac., of Agric., Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt
meshenana@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195018
<strong><em>Low-fat ice cream</em></strong> was made by partial replacement of buffaloes' milk fat with different fat replacers, Milk fat was standardized to 2% to meets consumers demand for low energy foods. Five treatments of low-fat ice cream <strong><em>i. e.</em></strong> (T1 inulin, T2 maltodextrin, T3 modified starch, T4 whey protein concentrate powder (WPCP) and T5 oat). However, control full-fat ice cream mix (C1) was standardized to 6% fat, 16% sugar, 11.0% MSNF, 0.4% stabilizer and 0.08% vanilla. Control low-fat made with the same mix of full-fat except fat was 2% (C2). The mixes and the resultant ice cream of different treatments and control were analyzed for chemical composition; rheological properties, overrun, microbiological quality as well as they were sensory evaluated. All the treatments were accepted by the panelists except the low-fat (C2) as it was a control without fat replacers. The best treatment was (C2) maltodextrin as it achieved the total panelist scores as the full fat (C1), followed by (T1). Caloric values of different recipes were calculated.
Low-fat ice cream,inulin,maltodextrin,modified starch,wpcp,oat
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195018.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195018_60cd71c7a0c57cd20bc37a99e32a614b.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Addition Plant Pumpkion Seed Alcoholic Extract on Some Chemical and Qualities Properties of Camel Meat
473
478
EN
Ghaidda
Ali
Makka
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Basra. Iraq.
iraq7100@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195022
The current study aimed to use vegetable extracts prepared using an alcoholic extraction method from pumpkin seeds at concentrations of 0.7, 0.5 and 0.3% in preserving refrigerated minced camel meat tablets at a temperature of 4 ° C and to study the specific characteristics of them during the 12-day storage period. The results indicated that pumpkin seed extract contains Phenols, alkaloids, cyclosides and flavonoids. A significant decrease was also observed in the values of peroxide and the percentage of free fatty acids of meat samples treated with plant extracts compared to the control treatment of 4.94 mcg / kg of fat on the sixth day of preservation and excluded due to its pollution. Maekeroba The samples continued treatment within the standard border until the twelfth day of cryopreservation.
The results showed a significant decrease in the numbers of the total bacteria and the cold-loving bacteria when treating meat with different plant extracts compared to the control treatment that exceeded the limits of the standard on the sixth day of conservation, while the meat samples treated with the extracts maintained their stay within the acceptable limits until the twelfth day of cryopreservation.
Total plant caunts,phychphilic bacteria,antioxidant
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195022.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195022_58886e9b4cc929cb6ff082a16a6b015c.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Risk Assessment of Genotoxic Effects of Artificial Food Colorants on V. Faba and A. cepa using DNA-RAPD Fingerprinting and Behavior of Mitotic Chromosomes
479
488
EN
Abdel-Rahem
Tawfeek
Elrefaii
Genetic Dept.,Faculty of Agriculture . Minia Univ.
drelrefaii@mu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195295
Plant bioassays are quite sensitive and simple technique in comparison to animal bioassay to assess the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of a chemical compound. <em>A. cepa </em>and <em>V .faba </em>have been widely accepted for evaluation of genotoxicity and the assay is well known and commonly used in many laboratories in good correlation with results from other established test systems. .<em>A. cepa </em>has relatively large monocentric chromosomes and accepted as suitable test organism for the study of environmental mutagenesis.Also<em> V. faba </em>beans was used as indicator to determine genotoxic effect of synthetic dyes used as food additives. The mitotic index is one of the mitotic parameters, which reflects the genetic. control system of division and the existence of chromosomal aberrations in several organisms In the present work, the genotoxic effects of three food colorants on two types of living organisms i.e. (<em>Allium cepa</em> and<em> Vicia faba</em>) plants were studied. The three food colorants were (Ponceau 4R, Sunset yellow and Tartrazine). Each colorant was used in three concentrations 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00%. The results showed that all synthetic food colorants which used in the experiment decreased the mitotic indices in<em> V.faba and A.cepa . </em>Moreover the synthetic food colors disturbed the percentages of mitotic stages and the chromosomes behavior and configuration during the mitotic division. Also, the study compared the effects occurring at molecular levels in <em>Allium cepa </em>and<em> Vicia faba</em> exposed to colored food at 1% concentration aqueous solution. The qualitative modifications arising in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles as a measure of DNA effects were compared with control. Results showed that treatments of the above test samples reflect changes in RAPD profiles. Changes in RAPD patterns included variation in band intensity, loss of normal bands and appearance of new bands compared with control. More over the ability of different primer for producing DNA fragment is varied from genome to other. The results indicated that DNA polymorphism.
DNA- RAPD,v. faba,A .cepa,Mitotic chromosomes,Food colorants
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195295.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195295_68c740e17b6ad9918c0bc6add7d545cd.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Genetic Improvement of Catharanthus roseus L. for Abiotic Stress Tolerance using HVA-1 Gene Via Bombardment Approach
489
502
EN
Abeer
K.
Nagm
Genetics and Genetic Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
abeerkamal254@gmail.com
Hassan
S.
Sherif
Genetics and Genetic Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
h.sherif@fagr.bu.edu.eg
Mohamed
Serag El-Din
Abdel-Sabour
Genetics and Genetic Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
mohamed.abdelssabour@fagr.bu.edu.eg
Tamer
A.
El-Akkad
Genetics and Genetic Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
tamer.abdelghaffar@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195296
The main aim of this study was to introduce <em>HVA1</em> gene into <em>Catharanthus roseus</em> callus by using <em>PDS (Particle delivery system)</em>. <em>In vitro</em> seed germination of <em>C. roseus</em> was achieved using vigor seeds. The shootlets induction medium was MS containing 2.0 mg/l benzyl aminopurine l<sup>−1</sup>. Somatic embryogenesis was obtained by culturing various parts of explants (stem, root and leaves disc) on MS containing 2, 4-D at 3.0 mg/l and sub-cultured on MS medium containing coconut juice 3%. Genetically transformed <em>C. roseus </em>somatic embryos were obtained after bombardment of embryonic calli, by <em>pAB1</em> plasmid harboring <em>HVA</em>-1 gene, salt resistance, and <em>Bar</em>gene, herbicide resistance, coated gold particles 1.0micron, 1100 and 1350 Psi with 130 mm with <em>HAV1</em> gene. The data showed that the transgenic line exhibited different levels of salt tolerance as expressed by the performance of plants dry weight, proline content and drought tolerance test. <em>HVA-1 </em>gene enhanced vinca salt tolerance hence enhancing the production of the important secondary metabolites from transgenic plants. The results of the present study can be seen as a step towards development of salinity tolerant transgenic vinca genotypes.
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195296.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195296_46cd5e2e2293839ab7b4ca91c7f5a2df.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Molecular Studies and Soma-Clonal Variations in Some Potato Genotypes
503
510
EN
Reham R.
Mohamed
Genetics and Genetic Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
rehamragb2019@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195298
Potato is the fourth most important crop of the world wide annual production approaching 300 million tons. The tuber, the most important part of the plant, is an excellent source of complex carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins. Salt accumulation is one of the main factors that diminish crop productivity since most of the crops are not halophytic against its toxic effects on plants also lead s to loss chloroplast activity as metabolic changes. The main objective of this study was to examine the powerful tissue culture system with three different potato genotypes. In addition to induce genetic variabilities through soma-clonal variation. Moreover, evaluate saline, and drought tolerance within the obtained clones.Results show that, The Shoot number of the three potato genotypes significantly affected by the two concentrations of sodium chloride (1000 and 2000 ppm).The shoot number of Daimont genotype was highly significant decreased in respons to the salt trearments (3.68 at 1000 ppm and 3.96 at 2000 ppm as compared with the control, 5.91). While shoot length of the three studied potato genotypes was affected by six combinations of plant hormones (auxin cytokinin) especially sponta (3.489). Trehalose,in three concentrations, exhibited an effect on shoot length of the three potato genotypes under study. Results of the molecular genetics study using IssR, showed the presence of polymorphic bands in variants and mutants suggesting that in response to all the studied treatments comparing with control.
potato,Soma-Clonal Variations,NaCl,trehalose
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195298.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195298_6edfba4ae1f719b966c68efe3da54b2d.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Characterization of Some Rhizobia Isolates From Various Legumes on Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Criteria
511
512
EN
Enas
M.
Abd EL-ghany.
Genetics department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Egypt.
10.21608/assjm.2021.195299
This research was conducted to characterize 24 rhizobial isolates from five legumes on morphological, biochemical, molecular aspects and determine the phylogenetic relationships among them. Rhizobial isolates were obtained from five Egyptian legumes; faba bean, lentil, pea, clover, and soybean. Morphological characterization classified isolates into fast and slow growers. Biochemical characterization using API 20E and API 20NE systems showed large diversity which may reflect their adaptation in different environments. Moreover, molecular detection for 16S rDNA gene characterized 19 of them to species level. Isolates from pea, faba bean, clover and lentil came to be <em>Rhizobium leguminosarum</em> and isolates from soybean were <em>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</em>. These data reflected a narrow diversity of rhizobia in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis of the 19 isolates confirmed that the <em>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</em> isolates were divergent from all other isolates. Also, the phylogram revealed that each group of isolates originated from root nodule of a certain legume formed a separate sub-cluster. Besides a narrow range of interspecies variations was found which is consistent with the idea of biovars presence among species.
Rhizobia,morphological,API 20E and API 20NE,16S rDNA,phylogenetic
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195299.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195299_8ab839b3ee405210b8e04b4c9c39762b.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
C-Banding Karyotype and Molecular Characterization on Cumin, Caraway and Coriander
513
514
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.195300
Our goal for this study to characterize three species germplasm of family Apiaceae, namely (cumin, caraway and coriander), to make a chromosome characterization and molecular fingerprint for the mentioned species. Results performed on Karyomorphological showed that; Cuminum cyminum L. (cumin: 2n=14), Carum carvi (caraway: 2n=20) and Coriandrum sativum (coriander: 2n=22). The total Chromatin Relative Length percentage (RL%) showed cumin ± 10.69 μm ± 19.70 μm, caraway ± 7.30 μm ± 13.40 μm and coriander ± 5.58 μm ± 12.07 μm. Satellites in all the cases were associated to short arms. The molecular characterization for the three species (caraway, cumin, and coriander) was conducted using 5 AFLP combinations and 15 anchored-ISSR primers. The total amplified bands were 330 (162 ISSR+168 AFLP), with an average 83.75% (89.5 ISSR+78 AFLP) per primer. The combined dendrogram based on both AFLP and SSR markers for the three accessions was divided into 2 main clusters; the first cluster has 2 accessions (caraway and cumin) with 60% similarity, while coriander falls in a distinct cluster.
Cytogenetic,cytology,C-banding,chromosome,cumin,caraway,Coriander,AFLP,ISSR molecular marker
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195300.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195300_be8cd05d0d7254ea50e5c0f33f6b7e14.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Susceptibility of Different Faba Bean Cultivars to Infestation With Cowpea Aphid, Aphis Craccivora (Homoptera :Aphidiade)
515
522
EN
محمد
محمود
خليل
مصر اسيوط جامعة الازهر کليه الزراعه قسم الاقتصاد الزراعي
mk2498735@gmail.com
Hadeer
Besher
El-toukhy
Plant Protection Department- Faculty of Agriculture - Benha University
dr.hadeereltoukhy@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195335
Susceptibility of four broad bean cultivates (Giza 843, Masr 3, Sakha 4 and Sakha 1) to infestation with cowpea aphid, <em>Aphis craccivora</em>, (Homoptera :Aphidiade) was studied. Sakha 4 occurred the first category in lower infestation with aphid while Masr 3 cultivar was the highest one in attracting aphids individuals. Faba bean plants in season 2014 /2015 were more infested than that in the second season 2015/2016.
The plants of Masr 3 cultivar have low content of potassium and high content of chlorophyll which may be make that the most attractive to aphids while the plants of Sakha 4 have more amount of potassium and low of chlorophyll making that lowest attractive cultivar to aphids .
Faba bean,aphid,Aphis craccivora,Giza 843,Masr 3,Sakha 4 and Sakha 1
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195335.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195335_df5aa74ca46ab0b8540fa301d0a5b798.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Rearing of Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)on two Aphid species in relation to the predator's biology
523
528
EN
F.
F. Shalaby
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt.
fawzyshalaby@yahoo.co.uk
10.21608/assjm.2021.195337
Laboratory experiments were carried out to study some biological aspects of the eleven spotted ladybird beetle, <em>Coccinella undicempunctata</em> L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on two aphid species (<em>Aphis craccivora </em>Koch<em>. </em>And <em>Rhopalosiphum padi</em>L.) at 25±2 ̊C and 65±5% R.H. <em>A. craccivora</em> proved as a better prey for C.<em>undicempunctata</em> rearing (shorter immature stages periods; 4.2,12.21,3.35 and 75.8 days for the periods of eggs incubation , larval and pupal periods and adults' longevity, respectively). The corresponding periods in case of rearing on <em>R. padi</em> were 4.72, 11.6, 3.6 and 68.4 days .The hatchability percentage among deposited eggs were 86.8 and 76.4%, respectively. The pre oviposition , oviposition and post oviposition periods were 5.4 , 61.1 and 9.3 days on <em>A. craccivora</em> , opposed to 12.4 , 49.5 and 6.5 days on <em>R. padi</em>. .
biology,Coccinella undecimpunctata,Aphis craccivora,Rhopalosiphum padi
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195337.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195337_1c43a3e432fd5ed22fb4ddd1e3f8c053.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Bioassay of the Isolated Volatile Compounds from Mice Urine and Its Phagostimulant Effect.
529
540
EN
M. A .
Elbath
* Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Moshtohor, Benha Univ.
moemen.elbath@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195342
This study was designed to identify the urinary volatile compounds present in urine of male and female mice <em>Mus musculus</em> in order to detect the most attracting compounds to both sexes to use these compounds as a sex attracting material to enhance the efficiency of rodent bait. The urine of adult male and female mice were collected and analyzed by GC-MS. The result of chemical analyze revealed presence of many volatile compounds in urine of both sexes. From the identified compounds Phenol, 3-ethyl, 1,8-Nonadien-3-ol, 5-Octadecenal, Octadecane, 5-methyl- and 4-ethyl phenol were detected in male urine and Phenol, 2-ethyl- (CAS), and Phenol, 3-ethyl- were detected in female urine. Synthetic compounds similar to identified ones were purchased, different concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 100%) were prepared from each chemical compound and the respose of tested animals toward these compounds in different concentration were evaluated by using Y- maze apparatus. The number and duration of visits of animal toward chemicals were recorded. Obtained results showed that Phenol, 2-ethyl- (CAS), Phenol, 3-ethyl and 4-ethyl phenol are the most attracting chemical compound in males, while 4-ethyl phenol and 2-ethyl- (CAS), Phenol is the most effective one in females. Food consumption was affected in both sexes by mixing of the isolated compounds individually by concentration 1 and 5 % with animal diet, the highest food consumption in both sexes was scored by addition of 20% solution from 4-ethyl phenol 5%.
Mice urine,volatile compound,Attractiveness,phagostimulant
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195342.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195342_b3ecdf3139cd7669768b2f3af397018a.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Some Phosphorus Sources on Growth, Seeds Yield, Chemical Compositions, Oil Productivity and Fixed Oil Constituents of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Plant
541
562
EN
Walid
M. A.
Moghith
0000-0001-6118-661X
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department.,
Desert Research Center: Cairo, EG
walidmoghith@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195345
This study was conducted at the Experimental farm of the Heliopils University, El Sharqea, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of improving growth, seed yield, oil productivity and fixed oil constituents of chia (<em>Salvia hispanica</em> L.) plants grown in sandy soil by using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and some phosphorus sources i.e., phosphate rock - super phosphate - monoamonium phosphate (MAP) and phosphoric acid (30 units P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>).
Seeds of chia (<em>Salvia hispanica</em> L.) were inoculated with mixed spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from genera <em>Glomus</em>, <em>mosseae</em> and <em>fasciculatum</em> [275 Spores/g oven dry basses in addition to the colonization root pieces (the infectivity 104 propagola) sterilized peatmoss: vermicolite: perlite as a carries] at the rate of 20g /5g of seeds and after 10 days by injection into the soil at 3.5 g/hill.
The obtained results indicated that, plants receiving mycorrhizal fungi inoculum gave the significantly highest mean values for most of studied characteristics (i.e., plant heigt, number of branches per plant, plant fresh and dry weights, seeds yield/plant and/or feddan, weight of 1000 seeds, chlorophyll "a, b,", carotenoids, N, P, K, total carbohydrate, fixed oil percentage, fixed oil yield /plant and/or feddan and fatty acids constituents of chia (<em>Salvia hispanica</em> L.) plants, while uninoculated plants (control) gave the lowest values. Whereas different sources of phosphorous fertilizers statistically affected most of the mentioned parameters, especially monoaminum phosphate treatment (MAP) in both seasons. Moreover, all the combination treatments between inoculated with AMF, uninoculated and phosphorous sources improved all the studied parameters. The recorded results indicated that, the combined treatments between mycorrhizal fungi inoculated and MAP gave the highest values for most recorded parameters, i.e., chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids, N, P, K, total carbohydrate contents, fixed oil percentage, fixed oil yield/plant and/or feddan as compared with the other combined treatments both seasons. Meanwhile, the combined treatments of inoculation with the mixed spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphoric acid induced highly significant increments in this concern in both seasons. Chromatography analyses of chia fixed oil revealed the identification of 23 components, the main component was α-linolenic acid (54.96 to 63.23%). The major components were α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. It can be concluded that the inoculation with the mixed spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and monoamonium phosphate (MAP) was the best for improving growth, seeds yield, fixed oil productivity, chemical compositions and fixed oil constituents of chia (<em>Salvia</em> <em>hispanica</em> L.) plant.
Salvia hispanica,chia,fixed oil,omega-3,Phosphorus sources,Mycorrhizal,GLC
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195345.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195345_f09d9178f7660151da4d345ee0be435f.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Germination Media and Saline Water on Germination of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seeds
563
572
EN
Walid
M. A.
Moghith
0000-0001-6118-661X
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department.,
Desert Research Center: Cairo, EG
walidmoghith@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195346
This study was conducted at the Lab of Desert Research Center, during the two successive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018. The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance of <em>Salvia hispanica</em> L. seeds germinated in filter paper or grown in sandy soil to water salinity irrigation. The seeds were irrigated (till 100% of field capacity) every two days using tap water (control, 0.42 dS m<sup>-1</sup>) or saline water containing of NaCl at a concentration of 2.34, 3.13, 3.91 and 4.69 dS m<sup>-1</sup>. Saline water was used from the beginning of seed sowing till full germination (from 10-17 days). The recorded results indicated that filter paper medium is more effective in reducing the unfavorable effects of salinity on the most of the studied germination parameters than sand. Raising the salt concentration in irrigation water up to 4.69 dS m<sup>-1</sup> decreased the most of germination parameters (germination percentage, germination index and mean germination rate of chia seeds). The highest values of above mentioned parameters were gained by the combination of 0.42 dS m<sup>-1</sup> concentration (control), especially those germinated on filter paper, followed descendingly by 2.34 dS m<sup>-1</sup> concentration with the filter paper growing medium in both seasons. Also, the highest mean of daily germination and germination value were recorded by grown chia seed in filter paper and irrigated with saline water at 2.34 dS m<sup>-1 in 1st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> seasons, while seeds grown in the same above mentioned medium and irrigated with saline water at 2.34 dS m<sup>-1</sup> scored the highest peak value for germination in both seasons. Furthermore the highest values of coefficient of variation of germination time were gained by the combination treatments of the highest salinity concentration 4.69 dS m<sup>-1 </sup>with the filter paper growing medium in both seasons. On the other hand the combination of growing sand medium and irrigation with saline water at 3.91 dS m<sup>-1 </sup>concentration showed to be the most effective one for producing the highest mean germination time, time to 50 % germination and time to 90 % germination of chia seeds in both seasons. Conclusively, using filter paper as the germination medium produced the best germination parameters at the lowest salinity level 0.42 dS m<sup>-1</sup>. On the other hand, the filter paper growing medium reduced, to some extent, the negative effect of salinity on chia seed germination parameters.
Salvia hispanica,chia,Germination,saline water,salinity,Germination media
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195346.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195346_64ccccb87c40cee9e9d5eb7815e1c0c3.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Proline, Methyl Salicylate, and Magnetic Field in the Salinity of Vegetative, Flowering Growth, Chemical Composition and Oil Content on Viola odorata, Linn.
573
582
EN
Aml.
Shahin
Horticulture, Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center.
10.21608/assjm.2021.195390
This experiment was carried out during two consecutive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 in the experimental farm of horticulture department, Faculty of Agriculture Moshtohor Benha university, Egypt, to study alleviation of salinity stress on vegetative and flowering growth, chemical composition and essential oil of viola plants. By using the chemical method as a foliar spray of (proline and methyl salicylate (Me Sa)) and magnetic field as modern technology and friendly to the environment under saline conditions. Results revealed that Irrigation of <strong><em>Viola odorata</em>Linn</strong>. With saline water resulted in a significant reduction in vegetative growth and flowering growth, root characters, consequently Percentage of concrete on flowers and leaves. /plant. but using methyl salicylate and proline showed less reduction in the growth of vegetative and flowering, root characters, consequently Percentage of concrete on flowers and leaves/plant. Under the same condition of saline. Magnetic field gave the best results.
viola odorata,proline,(Me Sa) magnetic field
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195390.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195390_8e94fb20125d308b5458d304994aa59d.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Natural Source as Stimulator on Vegetative Growth, Flowering, Chemical Composition and Oil on Viola Odorata, Linn.
583
592
EN
Aml. A
Shahin
10.21608/assjm.2021.195391
This experiment was carried out during two consecutive seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 in the experimental field of Fac. of Agriculture Moshtoher, Benha university to study the effect of two forces of magnetic field as (300,150 mt),the distance (0,30,60,90) between magnetic field and plants and their combination on the growth (vegetative, flowering, roots),chemical constituents ,oil of <strong><em>Viola odorata</em></strong> L. the treatment of two forces of magnetic field gave significant effect on No. of leaves/plant, leaves area/plant, fresh and dry weight/plant, No. of flower/plant, pedicel length/plant, fresh and dry weight of flower /plant, fresh and dry weight per plant, N, P, K of leaves . The biggest magnetic field (300 Mt) gave the best results. the magnetic field space at zero with plants gave higher significant results in all parameter under this study. The obtained results indicated that the combination between field magnetic at 300 mt with zero instance gave high significant effect for all data recorded.
viola odorata,magnetic field
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195391.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195391_ca46360668f9b41431a26da0d352e67a.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Food preference by Nile rat Arvicanthis niloticus in multi choice of different cereal and legume seeds under laboratory conditions
593
600
EN
H. M.
Hassan
10.21608/assjm.2021.195393
The total consumptions from cereals whole and grinded in the 1<sup>st</sup> day of the trial were 3.1, 1.1, 1.5, 1.6, and 1.9 g / 100 g body wt. of wheat, maize, sorghum ,rice and barely, respectively. The total intake from whole and grinded cereals in the 2<sup>nd</sup> day exceled the intake in the 1<sup>st</sup> day recording 3.4, 1.4, 1.7 and 2.0 g / 100 g body wt., consecutively. The total accounted consumptions from these cereals (whole and grinded) in the 3<sup>rd</sup> day recorded the highest amounts of 5.4, 1.6, 2.4, 2.8 and 1.6 g/ 100g body wt., respectively<strong>.</strong> The counted total consumptions of these foods (wheat, maize, sorghum, rice and barely) in the 4<sup>th</sup> day were reduced than the 3rd day recording 3.9, 1.8, 2.1, 2.5 and 0.9 g /100 g of body wt., respectively. At the 5<sup>th</sup> day (the trial finale) the total consumed of both whole and grinded cereals reduced to be 3.2, 1.3, 1.8, 2.4 and 0.8 with wheat, maize, sorghum, rice and barely, respectively.
Total consumption of lentil, fenugreek, cowpea, broad-bean, soybean, sweet pea and groundnut (whole and grinded) in the 1<sup>st</sup> day were 1.2, 0.0, 2.4, 0.7, 1.6, 2.7 and 3.2 g /100g body wt., respectively. In the 2<sup>nd</sup> day the total consumed amounts of lentil, fenugreek, cowpea, broad-bean, soybean, sweet pea and groundnut in the 2<sup>nd</sup> day were 1.6, 0.0, 2.3, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1 and 3.2 g /100 g body wt., respectively. The 3<sup>rd</sup> day recorded the highest consumed values from lentil, fenugreek, cowpea, broad-bean, soybean, sweet pea and groundnut these values were as follows 2.0, 0.0, 2.2, 1.4, 1.9, 3.2 & 3.4 g /100g body wt., from the total (whole and grinded), respectively. The 4<sup>th</sup> day of trial show less total consumption than that of the 3<sup>rd</sup> day recording 1.9, 0.0, 2.1, 1.0, 1.6, 3.0 and 3.2 g/ 100g body wt., respectively. In the last day of the trial (5<sup>th</sup> day) the intake of legume food items was in similar and didn’t differ obviously than the consumption of the 4<sup>th</sup> day recording the total intake of the whole and grinded legumes as follows 1.6, 0.0, 2.0, 1.3, 1.7, 3.0 and 3.1 g / 100 g body wt., respectively
food preference,Nile rat,Arvicanthus niloticus,Cereal seeds
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195393.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195393_d5522642d79753899eb2b4b53994c709.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Survey and Abundance of Major Insect Pests on Pomegranate Fruits in Egypt
601
612
EN
Mohamad
Abdellatief
Abazied
Biological control department. Plant protection research institute. Agriculture research. Centre
mohamad_latief@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195395
The presented study was carried out to survey and evaluate the abundance of common pomegranate insect pests during 2016 and 2017in Egypt. Four pomegranate varieties in pomegranate orchards were studied. Three insect species were recorded on pomegranate fruit included the pomegranate butterfly, <em>Virachola livia</em> (Klug) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), which was the most important followed by <em>Bactrocera zonata</em> and <em>Ceratitis capitata</em> (Diptera: Tephritidae).
pomegranate,Survey,Virachola livia,Bactrocera zonata & Ceratitis capitata,Egypt
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195395.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195395_daeda50c386c973e5f7b5251a45ce479.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Role of the Saw-Toothed Grain Beetle, Oryzaephilus Surinamensis (l.) in Date Palm Fruits Decay at Different Temperatures with Special References to its Thermal Requirements Estimation.
613
616
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.195397
Results showed that lab. Condition and 25ºC were the of degrees of temperatures where decay and prevailing of the saw-toothed grain beetle occurred. The rearing of this insect on 40ºC caused mortality of all adults and no adult emergence occurred, hence this degree of temperature prevented decay of dates. Also, the effect of four constant temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35 ºC) on developmental rates of different stages of<em>Oryzaephilus surinamensis</em> (L<em>.</em>)was studied. The time required for development of different stages increased as the temperature decreased. The average thermal requirements needed for completing the development was 99.7, 559.8, 207.8 and 843.4 degree days for eggs, larvae, pupae and development period respectively.
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195397.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195397_4bb7b0b0ec50b8d4e99fe621aed02970.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Evaluation of Some Root-knot Nematode Management Strategies in Sugarbeet Fields at West Nubaryia District
617
630
EN
Gad
hamada
Rady
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalubia Governorate
gad.hamada@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195398
Two field trials were carried out in west Nubaria district, throughout two successive seasons of 2016/2017 – 2017/2018 to evaluate multiple strategies based on reducing the interval between seeding and seedling emergence, by increasing the speed of germination and seedling emergence to offer the most important escape strategy from soil-borne pathogens, the acceleration of germination and plant emergence and sometimes the improvement of seed viability and the acceleration of seedling growth was done by means of what so called EPD (Early Plant Development or fast initial growth) under protection using certain nematicides. Along with those field trials, pot experiment was done at outdoor for 60 days to assess host suitability (resistance) designations of studied varieties i.e. <em>Beta vulgaris</em> subsp < em>. Vulgaris</em>, Sahar var. and Helsinki to root-knot nematode, <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em>. Experimental design was a factorial arranged split-split plot with variety as main plot, plowing depth as split plot in the form of strip-plot arrangement of six treatments and treatment as split-split with four replicates was used. Quantitative scheme for assignment of Canto-Saenz’s host suitability for root-knot nematode showed that sugarbeet variety, Helsinki is tolerant and Sahar variety is susceptible. Evaluated treatments i.e. strategies were varied combinations their components consisted from EPD, Abamectin, Oxamyl 10% G and Nemastop and were compared with control treatment. Analysis of variance for the combined data of the studied two seasons significantly at P ≤ 0.05 marked out the effect of various treatments. Studied Treatments impact individually or in combinations on root-knot nematode parameters, as nematodes number/g soil, knot disease severity % and drop rate % results indicated that sugarbeet variety Helsinki overcame Sahar variety positively for the abovementioned parameters; also, 30 cm-plowing depth outperformed the other two depths in the same issues. Managements treatments distinctly revealed that (EPD + Nemastop), (Nemastop) and (EPD) achieved the best results to reduce all studied root-knot nematode parameters Most likely with a plowing depth of 30 cm. Individual treatments showed that at the level of variety, monogerm Helsinki outperformed polygerm variety, Sahar in all abovementioned parameters. At plowing depth level, 30 cm-plowing depth was mostly had superior positive effect on all recorders. At the level of treatments, (EPD + Nemastop) had a distinguish effect on root and sugar yield per fed., sugarbeet variety, Helsinki overcome Sahar variety. Also, 30 cm-plowing depth had the lead in achieving preferred results, as well treatments (EPD + Nemastop), (Nemastop) and (EPD). Interactions of combined treatment as well showed distinguished results for those parameters mentioned above as combined treatments implied one of those distinguish individuals. Interaction effect of combined treatments got promising results as they implied any of individual treatment that previously showed positive results concerning the same nematode parameters.
sugarbeet,Root-knot nematodes,seed treatment,plowing depth - EPD,nematicides
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195398.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195398_5b6e2e0922b0526e4e7ee86dcd071f03.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Evaluation of Polymer- based Nematicidal Combinations against Root-knot infected sugar beet fields in West Nubaria district
631
640
EN
Gad
hamada
Rady
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalubia Governorate
gad.hamada@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195399
The present study was conducted during two experienced growing seasons of 2016/ 17 and 2017/ 18 at West Nubaria Sector. The experiments were designed to evaluate certain management strategies for root-knot nematode, <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em>. The main studied factors were plowing depth and control treatment; there were three plowing depths and six treatments. Experimental design was a split plot randomized complete block design, split plot with plowing depth as main plot, strip-plot arrangement and treatments as subplot with four replicates. Single treatments and combinations of Abamectin, Nemastop, Mocap 10% G and potassium-based polymer yet were compared with untreated control. Analysis of variance for the combined data of the studied seasons significantly at P ≤ 0.05 cleared out the effect of various treatments. Management strategy efficacy %., denoted that 30 cm-plowing depth scored the best At level of control treatments, the lead was due to (Nemastop + Polymers) followed by Polymers followed with (Abamectin + Polymers). Interaction effects on efficacy % revealed that the best results obtained were with 30 cm- plowing depth × (Abamectin + Polymers) followed by the same depth with Polymers followed by 30 cm- plowing depth with (Nemastop + Polymers). All treatments achieved positive impacts on root-knot nematode and sugar beet yield parameters when interacted with each other under deficit irrigation (DI) to level of 75 % of Irrigation water requirements (IWR)
Plowing depth of 30 cm achieved the most promising results for number of plants after thinning, at harvest and losses percentages in number of plants/ fed. in sugar beet field. Also, plowing depth of 30 cm scored the highest values for root yield and extractable white sugar yield. 50 cm-plowing depth recorded the best value for purity percentage followed by depth 30 cm. Plowing depths of 30 cm and 50 cm showed the lowest values for sodium (Na) percentage and potassium (K) percentage. Plowing depth of 50 cm scored the highest value for extractable white sugar percentage (ZB %) , with significant difference between it and the two other plowing depths of 30 and 40 cm at P ≤ 0.05. The lowest number for root- knot nematodes number/g soil as affected by plowing depth was recorded at plowing depth of 30 and 50 cm. also, the lowest record for disease severity % recorded was for plowing depth of 30 and 50 cm. Drop rate % is another indicator for efficiency of management strategy. The most excellent drop rate % was achieved by plowing depth 30 cm,
consequently, the study recommends plowing depth of 30 cm and adequate nematicide seed treatments under deficit irrigation (DI) of 75 % water requirement is best combination to increase water use efficiency (WUE) as well as to improve the efficiency of modern integrated management strategies to control <em>M. incognita</em> in sugar beet infected fieldswithout serious effects on crop performance which eventually results in augmented yield.
sugar beet - root-knot nematodes,plowing depth - polymers,nematicides
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195399.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195399_13361217c13ef083a1fa924666b11a41.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Toxicity of Some Plant Oil Nanoemulsions to Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
641
642
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.195402
The insecticidal activity of some botanical oils on the black cutworm, <em>Agrotis ipsilon </em>Hufnagel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was evaluated in laboratory assays. Oils of jojoba, garlic, and pumpkin plants were prepared in the form of nanoemulsion. Second and fourth instars larvae were treated with original oils and their nanoemulsions via the leaf dipping technique. The results revealed that 5% nanoemulsion oils were significantly more effective than original forms. The average size of the nanoparticles of effective nanoemulsion oils was 185.4, 362.9, and. 281.5 nm for jojoba, garlic, and pumpkin, respectively. The obtained data indicated the nanoemulsion of jojoba oil was the most effective against 2nd and 4th instars larvae, causing 100% and 60% mortality after 2 days of the treatment at concentration of 5% for 2nd and 4th instars larvae, respectively. It was concluded that the formulated nanoemulsion of these botanical oils can be used as an effective alternative to commercial pesticide formulations to control <em>A. ipsilon</em> larvae.
Black cutworm,plant oils,bioassay nanoemulsion
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195402.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195402_6192f99bccc6247774c7f5f66c47474f.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization and Some Growth Stimulants on Productivity of Strawberry for Exportation
643
656
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.195404
Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 in El-kanater Horticulture Research Station, Kalubiya Governorate, to investigate the effect of organic or mineral nitrogen fertilization levels with soil addition of humic acid, EM and TS as well as the foliar spray with some growth stimulants (Phosphrin, Micoind an Orset-x) on vegetative growth, chemical composition, fruit yield and its quality of strawberry plants <em>(Fragaria X ananassa</em> Duch) cv. Fortuna. This experiments included 16 treatments resulted from the combinations of four Nitrogen fertilizer treatments and four spray treatments as follows, 50% compost- N + 50% mineral-N fertilizers +EM, 50% compost –N + 50% mineral-N fertilizers +TS, 50% compost –N + 50% mineral-N fertilizers + humic acid and 100% mineral N fertilizer at a rate of 200 kg N/fed as recommended dose. Meanwhile, foliar spray treatments, Phosphrin at 5ml/l, Micoind at 2g/l, Orset-X at 1g/l and control (sprayed only with tap water). Obtained results showed that, the application of the recommended dose of nitrogen fertilizer (200kg N/fed) in form of 50% compost +50%mineral N +TS combined with foliar spray with Phosphrin at 5ml/l gave the highest vegetative growth parameters, chemical constituents of plant foliage, fruit yield and its components (early, exportable, marketable and total yield per plant and per fed) and best physical and chemical fruit quality.
strawberry,Mineral,organic- nitrogen fertilizer- growth stimulantus
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195404.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195404_ef7a0a9f8d8c04d44d23b4705db2d527.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Foliar Spray with Some Growth Stimulants on Growth and Productivity of Some Varieties of Tomato Grown In the Late Summer Seasons
657
668
EN
M. E.
Nagi
medonagi125@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195405
Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive late summer seasons of 2017and 2018 in private sector farm at Digwa Village, Benha, El-Qalubia Governorate, to investigate the effect of foliar spray of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), ascorbic acid(AS), calcium boron and seaweed extract(SWE) as well as their interaction on growth,
Chemical composition, fruit yield and its quality of tomato plants<em> (Solanum lycopersicum </em>Mill ) cv. Hybrid Thoeria 084 and Super strain B<strong>.</strong> This experiment included 18 treatments resulted from the combination between two hybrids (Hybrid Thoeria 084 and Super strain B) and nine spray treatments as follows<strong>, </strong>Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 100 and 200ppm/l, Ascorbic acid at 500 and 1000ppm/l, Calcium Boron at 250 and 500ppm/l and Seaweed extract at 2 and 4g/l in addition to the control treatment (spray with tap water). Obtained results showed that the highest values in all measured vegetative growth, Chemical composition, fruit yield and its quality were recorded as a result of foliar spraying tomato plants of hybrid. Thoeria 0.84 NAA at 200ppm, three times during the growing season starting after 15 days from transplanting data and every (10) days by intervals.
Tomato,foliar spray- growth stimulants- heat stress
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195405.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195405_28605fd7727a9f7a338dd8779ba87664.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Preharvest Propagation Method, Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources and Soil Addition with Some Growth Stimulants on Storability of Potato Plants Stored under Room Temperature Conditions
669
682
EN
سمر
سعید
حلاوه
قسم البساتين ،کليه زراعه،جامعه بنها
samar.halawa@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195419
Two experiments were carried out during the two successive Summer seasons of 2017and 2018 at Post Harvest Lab. Horticulture Department of Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, to investigate the effect of two propagation methods (cutting tuber and mini tubers), sources of N fertilizers in either organic and or mineral forms (100% mineral N fertilizer (as recommended dose120 N kg/fed) ; 50% mineral-N + 50% organic-N fertilizers, 25% mineral-N + 75% organic-N fertilizers or 100% organic-N fertilizers) and soil addition with effective microorganisms (EM) at 10%, seaweed extract at 1% and yeast extract at 10% as well as their combinations on storability of potato (<em>Solanum tuberosum L.</em>) cv. Spunta. At harvest time, tubers from each experimental plot were collected and stored after discarding the infected tubers. The sound tubers were packed in net package (2kg in weight) and stored under room conditions at Post Harvest Lab. Horticulture Department of Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University. The average of normal room temperature during the two storage seasons of 2017 and 2018. Stored tubers were inspected at every month interval for determining weight loss, decay and chemical analysis. Obtained results showed that, It is evident clearly that planting potato by cutting tubers then fertilized with 100% of the recommended N dose at 120kg/fed as organic form(chicken manure) combined with the soil addition of EM at 10% three times gave the lowest weight loss and decay percentage and the highest dry matter, protein and starch content during storage period (4months) under room storage conditions.
potato,propagation method,organic N fertilizer,growth stimulants,Growth,storabilty
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195419.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195419_48a51d002af07d13c2de284ff8738688.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers Sources and Levels on Growth, Productivity and Quality of Snap Bean Grown Under Greenhouses Conditions
683
696
EN
M. H.M.
Mohamed
Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.
mustafa.mohamed@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195423
Two field experiment were carried out during the two successive winter seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in a private sector farm at Damalo Village, Qalubia Governorate, to investigate the effect of three mineral fertilizer levels (100,80 and 60% of recommended dose of NPK) as soil application and foliar spray with two different sources of NPK applications (NPK in 20:20:20 form, NPK in nano form and control) on vegetative growth, chemical composition and productivity as well as pod quality of snap bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris </em>L<em>.)</em> cv. moraleda. This experiment included 9 treatments resulted from the interaction between three NPK levels (100,80,60% of recommend dose) with three foliar applications (NPK in20:20:20 form, NPK in nano form and control). A split plot design with three replicates was adopted. Obtained results showed that, fertilizer snap bean plants with 100 and 80% of recommended dose of NPK as soil application with sprayed plants with nano NPK at 2ml/l for each element reflected the highest values in all studied vegetative growth characters, chemical constituents of plant foliage and pod yield and its components and chemical pod quality .
Snap bean,NPK20:20:20,Nano NPK,Vegetative growth,yield,pod quality,green house
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195423.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195423_84146c68a9ad84273b6a5534d4e4871d.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Implications of Applied P-Sources with Calcium Super Phosphate, Phosphoric Acid and Rock Phosphate, and Phosphate Dissolving Bacteria on Snap Bean Grown Under Greenhouses Conditions
697
710
EN
M. H.M.
Mohamed
Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.
mustafa.mohamed@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195424
Two field experiment were carried out during the two successive winter seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in a private sector farm at Damallo Village, Qalubia Governorate, to investigate the effect of different sources of phosphorus as a soil application i.e., Calcium superphosphate (15.5% P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) at 50g/m<sup>2</sup>, Rock phosphate (26.3% P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) at 27g/m<sup>2</sup> , Phosphoric acid (56%P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) at 14.3mg/m<sup>2</sup> at recommended dose with/ without bio fertilizer <em>Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum </em>"phosphate dissolving bacteria "PDB" as well as their interaction on vegetative growth, chemical composition and productivity as well as pod quality of snap bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris </em>L<em>.)</em> cv. moraleda. Results showed that using Phosphoric acid (56%P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) fertilizer at the recommended dose of mineral fertilizer reflected significantly highest values in all measured vegetative growth aspects, chemical constituents of plant foliage, pod yield and its quality of bean plants compared with rock phosphate at the recommended dose of mineral fertilizer which gave the lowest values in the two seasons of study. In addition, fertilizing snap bean plants with Bio-Phosphorus fertilizer contained phosphate dissolving bacteria (PDB) (<em>Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum</em>) at rate of 4 L/greenhouse applied alone at soil subsurface near the plant roots at two time started after two weeks from transplantation with one month interval at 2 l/360m<sup>2</sup>increased all measured parameters compared with the treatment without addition in the two seasons of study. Moreover, fertilizing the plants with different sources (p) plus (PDB) gave the highest values in most measure under study, fertilizing plants with phosphoric acid plus PDB gave the highest values in all vegetative growth aspects, fruit pod yield and the best quality compared with other treatments during both seasons of study.
Snap bean-Calcium super phosphate- Rock phosphate- Phosphoric acid- Phosphateen (Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum )- phosphate dissolving bacteria,PDB,bio- fertilizer- Vegetative growth-Yield- Pod quality- Green house
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195424.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195424_3281b8a32424ad546bbdb6fc3a0eee7a.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Magnetic Iron and Potassium Humate on Some Flowering and Fruiting Characteristics of "Aggizi" Olive Trees Grown under Salt Stress Conditions in South Sinai
711
722
EN
M.G.
Abo-Gabien
mohamed.gomaa1997214@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195426
<strong> </strong>The use of soil amelioration agents is an important physiological method that improves plant tolerance to salt stress. The aim of this research is to examine the soil application of magnetic iron (MI) and/or potassium humate (KH) to mitigate the effect of salinity on the flowering and fruiting characteristics of ’Aggizi’ olive trees. Ten-year-old trees grown in sandy loam soil were treated with four levels of MI (0, 500, 750 and 1000 g / tree) and KH (0, 50, 75 and 100 g / tree) as a single dose during soil preparation on 1 December in both seasons. The result showed that the individual application of each anti-salt stress substance improved the flowering and fruiting characteristics and resulted in the higher number of inflorescence per shoot, fruit set percentage, fruit weight, fruit diameters, flesh thickness and tree yield compared to the control plants. The dual interaction of MI with KH was significant for all of the studied attributes. The interaction of the highest levels of MI (750 or 1000 g per tree) and KH (75 or 100 g per tree) improved the flowering and fruiting characteristics of “Aggizi “olive trees. These results suggest that anti-salt stress substances may be useful methods for use in arid and semi-arid regions to enhance salt tolerance in olives.
olive,salinity,Magnetic iron,potassium humate,Flowering and productivity aspects
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195426.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195426_446c21f258168e6508a5f9bb22683b5f.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Partial Substitution of Chemical Fertilization of Dutch Fennel Plant (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) by Bio Fertilization
723
734
EN
Mustafa
Abdelrazik
Mady
Medicinal and aromatic plants department, Desert Research Center
mustafamady66@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195431
The present work was carried out on Dutch fennel plant strain during the two successive seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 at Baloza Research Station, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizer applications as partial replacement for chemical fertilization on vegetative growth, fruits yield, essential oil productivity and its main components as well as chemical constituents of Dutch fennel plants under Sinai conditions. The experiment was planned in a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications for each treatment. Treatments were the combination of five fertilization levels (full recommended dose of NPK only, 75, 50, 25% of the recommended NPK plus bio-fertilizers and bio-fertilizers only). The results showed that application of T2 (75% of the recommended NPK plus bio-fertilizers) increased vegetative growth measurements (plant height, number of branches/plant, herb fresh weight/plant and herb dry weight/plant), yield parameters (number of umbels/plant, weight of 1000 seed, seed yield/plant and seed yield/feddan), maximized the essential oil percentage and yield compared to other treatments. However, the lowest values of vegetative growth measurements, yield parameters and essential oil productivity were obtained with plants treated by T5 (bio-fertilizers only). As general, the major chemical constituents of Dutch fennel essential oil were trans-anethole and estragole.
Foeniculum vulgare,fertilization,Growth,yield and volatile oil
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195431.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195431_b68fb1e795d03ae2c2ee48c3ef514e74.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Interaction Effect between the Applied Phosphorus and Selenium with Time on Their Availability in Three Different Soil Types.
735
746
EN
Heba, A. M.
Abou-Zaid
drheba33@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195433
A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the interaction effect of phosphorus and selenium application rates on their availability in three different soil types with time. The soil samples were collected from the surface layers "0-30 cm" of three different sites. Four levels from Se were used as followed 0.0 – 0.5 - 1.0 and 2.0 mg Se kg <sup>-1</sup> soil as sodium selenate while P was used as mono super phosphate at rates of 0.0 – 3.225 – 6.45 and 12.9 mg P kg<sup>-1</sup> soil and they were incubated with soil for one month. Results revealed a positive and significant correlation between Se and P application rates as well as time of incubation on soil available Se; where soil available Se content was increased with increasing the application rate of Se especially when P was also added at high rates as time of incubation was passed. The highest soil available Se values were obtained when Se and P were added at rates of 2 and 12.9 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> soil, respectively especially in the case of soil 3 (clayey soil). Results also showed that soil available phosphorus was positively but not significant affected with increasing the application level of both Se and P, but it was negatively affected as the time of incubation was increased.
selenium,phosphorus,soil types,incubation
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195433.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195433_01a03f168394c1a0cc137bf13210796f.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Soil Quality as Indicated by Physical and Chemical Properties in Some Tanta Areas, Nile Delta, Egypt Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques.
747
760
EN
Maha A. M.
Abdel-razek
maha.abdelrazek@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195434
The present study aimed at assessing the physical and chemical quality of the soils in Tanta area of El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Its area is 33760 ha (located between longitudes 30°45′ and 31°20′ Е and latitudes 30°35′ and 31°15′ N). The mapping units in the study area: overflow basin (OB), high river terrace (RT1), moderate river terrace (RT2), low river terrace (RT3). Nine soil profiles were selected to represent Tanta area soils in addition to 18 soil samples. Twelve physio-chemical parameters which used to assess soil quality were chosen to evaluate soil quality including; texture (T), drainage (D), effective depth (P), parent materials (M), rock fragment (R), slope gradient (S), hydraulic conductivity (H), water holding capacity (W), electrical conductivity (C), soil reaction (O), exchangeable sodium percentage (G) and calcium carbonate (N). Results showed that Tanta district could be classified into one class according to the physical quality measures (moderate), while results of chemical quality index revealed two classes (high and moderate). Over 44% of the soil of Tanta area is of moderate soil quality index while 55.51% is of low soil quality index according to both physical and chemical parameters. The low soil quality dominates the areas characterized by shallow depth, poor drainage and hydraulic conductivity. The results demonstrated that management of soil practices should be carefully associated with soil characteristics.
Soil Quality,Tanta district,Nile Delta,Remote sensing and GIS
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195434.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195434_67d489aefd4005c786379103afcf34fc.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Assessing Soil Quality Indicators in El- Minya Governorate Using Integration between Gis and Remote Sensing
761
776
EN
Rania M.
Mohamed
rmansour327@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195437
Soil quality assessing was done by integration between remote sensing and GIS for west El-Minya Governorate. The district is of high seniority for agriculture development. Twenty-five soil profiles were drilled to represent the main geomorphologic units within the investigated area. The result indicated that ten main morphological units were identified ,1- old wadi sediments, 2- Peniplains, 3-Old stream terraces, 4-Plains out wash, 5- Sand dunes, 6-Erosional plains, 7-Sand sheets, 8-hill, 9-Rock out crops, and 10-Shoulders. The soil quality index (SQI) was estimated depending on parent material, drainage condition, soil texture class, rock fragments (%), soil depth (cm),slope gradient (%), EC (ds/m), ESP, pH and CaCO3 (g/kg).Soil of west El-Minya area variable from high soil quality to low soil quality and percentages were as follows: High quality areas index represent 7.0 % of the total area (40021 ha) in RT mapping unit, most of the study area 88 % (506401 ha) consists of moderate and moderate low quality classes in SH, WS, P, S, EP and PO mapping units, and low quality areas index represents 5 % of the total area (26203ha) in RO, SD and H mapping units. The research additionally explain the significance of GIS in constructing land resource data base of soil that is very much substantial for better observance of soil characteristic for optimum sustainable agriculture.
Soil Quality,Remote Sensing,GIS,El-Minya Governorate
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195437.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195437_782bed5eba5def961c16080f7f3c3c7a.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Land Evaluation of East Qattara Depression, Egypt using Remote Sensing and GIS
777
790
EN
Mostafa A.
Mostafa
mostafa.adel.agr.egy@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195438
Availability of sufficient and accurate spatial data concerning land resources is a pillar for sustainable agricultural development. The current work was aimed at using remote sensing (RS) and geostatistical analysis tools within geographic information system (GIS) to map land capability and crop suitability for an area in the Qattara Depressing, Western Desert of Egypt, located east of the Qattara Depression between latitude 30° 10' 4" to 30° 20' 57" N and longitude 28° 32' 26" to 28° 52' 10" E, covering 630 km<sup>2</sup> (63000 ha). Thirty-seven soil profiles were dug to 150 cm. Soil samples were collected from different horizons and analyzed for their main properties. Applied System for Land Evaluation (ASLE) software was used to assess land capability and land suitability. Landforms include sand sheets, sand dunes, depressions, sabkha and water bodies. The 74.69% of the soils are"poor" (C4), 0.47% are"good" (C2), 11.68% are"fair" (C3), 11.12% are"very poor" (C5), and 0.47% are"non-agricultural" (C6). Soil texture, salinity and alkalinity are the main limiting factors. Classes for suitability (considering 22 crops) are highly suitable (S1), suitable (S2), moderately suitable (S3), marginally suitable (S4), currently not-suitable (N1), and potentially not-suitable (N2) for 22 crops. The most recommended crops are date palm and tomatoes. The studied soils require precise management practices to be promising for agricultural expansion.
Remote Sensing,GIS,Land capability,crop suitability,Qattara depression
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195438.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195438_9353e2df471a583217c9d3fe516e1435.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Different NPK Fertilization Sources on Vegetative Growth and Nutritional Status of fig (ficus carica l.) Transplants
791
798
EN
Sherif
Fathy
EL-Gioushy
0000-0003-0796-7006
Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Moshtohor), Benha University, Egypt
sherif.elgioushy@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195439
This experiment was conducted throughout the two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019 at Fruit Nursery of Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University Qalyubeia Governorate, Egypt., to study the effect of organic (compost) and NPK biofertilization application as partial replacement for chemical fertilization on vegetative growth, nutrient status of fig transplants "Sultani" cv. at one-year- old. Treatments were the combination of seven fertilization levels (full recommended dose of NPK only (100%NPK) T1, 75% NPK + 25% organic (compost) T2, 50% of NPK+ 50% organic (compost) T3, 25% of NPK+ 75% organic (compost) T4, T5 ( T2+ Bio- NPK), T6 ( T3+ Bio- NPK) and T7 (T4+ Bio- NPK). The result indicated that, application of T1 (100% of chemical NPK) caused a significant increasing in the rate of length, diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, transplant leaves area, fresh and dry weight of leaves, Leaf dry matter percentage. Likewise, T1 increased the nutrient status i.e. (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn), as well as improved the leaf photosynthetic pigments. Followed by T5 75% NPK + 25% organic (compost) + Bio- NPK. By contrast, T4 25% of NPK+ 75% organic (compost) led to the lowest values compared other treatments in both season.
Fig,NPK,fertilization,Vegetative growth,Nutritional Status
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195439.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195439_26d896aa29d4ec543d1fbc4ae004ea18.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Response of Swietenia mahagoni to some nutrients under salinity stress.
799
816
EN
Neven
Mohamed
Basiouny
Agricultural specialist forestry and timber treet research department Agriculture
Center Research
nevenbasuony31@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195440
A pot experiment was conducted at the Nursery of the Experimental Station of the Horticultural Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center at Giza, Egypt, during the two growing successive seasons of 2017 and 2018. This work aimed to investigate the response of <em>Swietenia mahagoni</em> seedlings grown under irrigation water salinity stress to soil application of different concentrations of sulfur as well as foliar application of mono potassium phosphate (KH<sub>2</sub> PO<sub>4</sub>) and foliar application of putrescine {NH<sub>2</sub> (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub> NH<sub>2</sub> (1,4 diaminobutane or butanediamine)}. Survival percentage of <em>S. mahagoni</em> seedling was 100 % at salinity level of 4.69 dS m<sup>-1</sup>. As salinity level increasing to 6.25 dS m<sup>-1</sup> survival % decreased to (64.30 and 69.60 %) in both seasons, respectively. All growth parameters, i.e. (height of plant, diameter of stem, number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots, and length of root) decreased as the concentrations of saline water irrigation increased. Whereas, the highest values of free proline content, was gained by the highest concentration of saline water irrigation (9.38 dS m<sup>-1</sup>). The most positive effect of combination treatments on height of plant, nitrogen percentage, and total chlorophyll in leaves were T<sub>10</sub> (putrescine at 300 mg/L) with salinity level of 4.69, dS m-1. However, the most positive effect of combination treatments on diameter of stem, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots, and length of root were T<sub>7 </sub>(monopotassium phosphate at 3g/L) with increasing salinity level to 4.69 dS m<sup>-1</sup>, also, due to significantly increased phosphorus, and potassium percentage in leaves. It can be concluded that salinity level of 4.69 dS m-1 with putrescine at 300 mg/L or monopotassium phosphate at 3g/L were the best for improving vegetative growth, and chemical compositions of S.<em> mahagoni </em>seedling.
Swietenia mahagoni,salinity,sulphur,monopotassium phosphate,putrescine
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195440.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195440_c2fcf80ffb76729d2670bdd97e1fc4eb.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Assessing Faba Bean Yield and Quality as Affected by Various Phosphorus Sources and Lithovit Levels
817
830
EN
AHMED
SAAD
ahmed.saad@fagr.bu.edu.eg
Rania
S. M. Eid
rania_mohamed8433@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195443
Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University, Qalyoubia Governorate, Egypt, during 2016/17 and 2017/18 winter seasons this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of four treatments: phosphate fertilization sources as soil addition (super phosphate (SP), rock phosphate (RP) + phosphate dissolving bacteria (PDB), sulphur (S) + phosphate dissolving bacteria (PDB) and RP + S+ PDB) with three spraying levels of lithovit ( 0 , as tap water, 0.5 and 1.0)g/L ), to increase the availability of phosphorus from rock phosphate and their effects on vegetative growth parameters, chemical composition, yield and yield attributes of faba bean plants cv. Sakha 4. Experiments were designed and carried out as split plot design where lithovit as foliar application levels randomly distributed in the main plots and phosphorus fertilization sources were in the split plots of three replicates. Results determined as follows: Application of different phosphate fertilization sources induced significant increases growth characteristics, yield, its components, and chemical constituents of faba bean (Sakha 4). In addition, Fertilizer application of RP + S + PDB formed the tallest plant heights, No. of branches / plant, chlorophyll content, yield and its components and seed index as well in the two respective seasons with variable significant magnitudes. Also, Nitrogen (%), Phosphorus (%) and Potassium (%) were increased in the 1<sup>st</sup> season where fertilized with RP + S + PDB. Foliar application of lithovit, 1.0 g/L level exerted the highest values of growth characteristics, yield, its components, and chemical constituents of faba bean (Sakha 4) as well in each of the two growing seasons with different significant magnitudes.
Faba bean,Rock Phosphate,phosphate dissolving bacteria,sulphur,Lithovit
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195443.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195443_0d05f4fb5fce258793b20de3e6b471eb.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Adding Phosphorous With Organic Matter on Wheat Production under Sandy Soil Conditions
831
838
EN
Essmat
Nofal
Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University
essmat.nofal@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195552
Wheat is one of the most important strategic crops in terms of food security. Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient being required by plants in relatively large amounts. The availability of phosphorus in soils is affected by several factors such as the decomposition of organic matter in the soil. Higher soil organic matter concentrations have been proved to enhance the yield and yield components of cereals. The present study, therefore, aims at studying the effect of adding phosphorus and farmyard manure as a source of organic matter on the yield of wheat plants grown under sandy soils conditions. To fulfill the objective of the study a field experiment was conducted at Balouza station in North Sinai, Desert Land Research Center, in the winter season 2018-2019. The design of the experiment was a factorial randomized complete block design with two factors in three replicates. The experimental site was divided into two main plots. Each main plot was divided into three subplots. Organic manure was added to the first half of the main plots at a rate of 25 kg/plot, O1 (25 ton/ hectare) and at a rate of 50 kg/plot O<sub>2</sub> (50 ton/hectare) to the other half. Superphosphate was added at three rates i.e P1 = 840 kg/hectare superphosphate fertilizer (6.8 % P). as soil application; P2= 630 kg/hectare superphosphate fertilizer as soil application + 210 kg/hectare superphosphate fertilizer as foliar application and P3 = 420 kg/hectare superphosphate fertilizer as soil application + 420 kg/hectare superphosphate fertilizer as foliar application. Each treatment was replicated three times. The foliar application was done as the supernatant of soaked superphosphate fertilizer.
Wheat grains <strong>(cv. Giza 168)</strong> was cultivated in 23 November 2018. Irrigation was done with Al-Salam Canal water. At maturity (9/5/2019) wheat plants were harvested and separated into grains and straw. The grain yield and the straw yield was recorded. Subsamples of wheat straw and grains were ground. A 0.5 gram samples was digested using a mixture of sulphuric and perchloric acids (1:1 v/v). Digests were diluted with distilled water up to a 100 ml and analyzed for N, P and K concentration. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: There was a significant difference in grain yield due to the application of organic manure at increased rate from O1 to O2. Also, a significant difference in grain yield occurred due to the application of P fertilizer at increased rate from P1 to P3, and the rate P2 gave the highest increase. The interaction effect between the organic manure rate and P fertilizer rate was significant, where a significant difference in grain yield occurred between P2 application and the grain yield obtained due the application of P1 and P3 under the application of organic manure at the rate O1. Under the application of organic manure at the rate O2 significant difference in wheat grain yield occurred between P1,P2 and P3 , however, the highest grain yield was obtained under the application of P at the rate P2 with the application of the organic manure at the rate O2.
There was a significant difference in straw yield obtained under the application of organic manure at increased and the highest straw yield was obtained at the rate O2. On the other hand, application of P fertilizer at increased rate significantly increased straw yield from P1application up to P2 application. However, increasing P application from P2 up to P3 decreased wheat straw yield. There was a significant interaction between the organic manure and P fertilizer on the straw yield of wheat, where a significant difference occurred between the straw yield obtained due to the application of P at increased rate from P1 up to P3 under the application of organic manure at the rates O1(25 ton/hectare) and O2 (50 ton/hectare). However the highest straw yield was obtained under the application of P fertilizer at the rate P2 and the application of organic manure at the rate O2.
Application of P fertilizer at increased rate under the application of organic manure at increased rate, increased the concentration of N, P and K in both of the straw and grains of wheat plants and the highest increase was obtained under the application of P fertilizer at the rate P2 and the application of organic manure at the rate O2.
phosphorous,Wheat,organic,sandy soil conditions
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195552.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195552_e654e41c234b280dae98dc9fed90518c.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Lighting on Growth and Productivity of Tomato
839
841
EN
El-Sayed
Khater
Agricultural and biosystems Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University
alsayed.khater@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195606
The main aim of this work is to study the influence of different colors of LED light (red, blue, red + blue and white) and photosynthetic photon flux (100, 125 and 150 µmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) on growth and productivity of tomato plants. The obtained results indicated that the shoot length decreases with increasing photosynthetic photon flux, the highest value of shoot length was 259.25 cm was obtained at 100 µmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> under green light. The stem diameter and leaf area of tomato plants increase with increasing photosynthetic photon flux, the stem diameter and leaf area ranged from 5.86 to 8.13 mm and 99.1 to 151.0 cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The chlorophyll content ranged from 36.40 to 48.52 for all treatment. The shoot dry weight of the tomato plants ranged from 139.1 to 192.8 g for all treatment. The fruits yield of tomato plants ranged from 4611.67 to 5478.04 g per plant for different LED light colors and fluxes under study.
LED light,photosynthetic photon flux,Tomato Shoot length - yield
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195606.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195606_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Biogas Production from Different Agricultural Residues
849
858
EN
Heba K.
Hussien
M.Sc. student of Agric. Eng. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Benha Univ.
hebakhalid17@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.195610
The main aim of this work is to study the biogas production from different agricultural residues to overcome the energy scarcity and environmental pollution. To achieve that study the different types of mixing (Dairy manure (100:0), Poultry litter (100:0), Dairy manure, poultry litter and rice straw (25:25:50), Dairy manure and rice straw (20:80), Dairy manure and rice straw (80:20), Dairy manure, poultry litter and rice straw (40:40:20) and Poultry litter and rice straw (50:50)) on the total solids, volatile solids of slurry, biogas yield, methane yield, CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S. The results show that the total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) of slurry decrease with increasing retention time for all treatments. The highest value of accumulated biogas yield (260.93 m<sup>3</sup> per ton TS) was found with the Poultry litter and rice straw (50:50). Meanwhile, the lowest value of accumulated biogas yield (229.96m<sup>3</sup> per ton TS) was found with Dairy manure, poultry litter and rice straw (25:25:50). The highest value of accumulated methane yield (196.10 m<sup>3</sup> per ton TS) was found with the Poultry litter and rice straw (50:50). Meanwhile, the lowest value of accumulated methane yield (156.30 m<sup>3</sup> per ton TS) was found with Dairy manure (100:0). CO<sub>2</sub>and H<sub>2</sub>S increase with increasing retention time for all treatments.
biogas yield,cattle manure,Total solids,Volatile solids,Methanne
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195610.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195610_7677db227a26d811cea762a51831f9d2.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Biogas Productivity and Quality as influenced by Fermentation Temperature and Agitation Process
859
874
EN
Yasmeen
Elsayed
Ahmed
Agricultural engineering, agriculture, benha, cairo
yasmin.selim18@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.195611
The main aim of this work is to study the influence of fermentation temperature and agitation speed on the biogas quality and productivity. To achieve that, the effect of fermentation temperatures (control, 35 and 45 °C) and three agitation speeds (50, 100 and 150 rpm) on the pH, total solids, volatile solids of slurry, biogas yield, methane yield, CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S was studied. The results show that the pH of slurry was ranged from 5.83 to 7.47 for all treatment. The TSS and VSS of slurry decreases with increasing fermentation temperature, agitation speed and retention time. The best fermentation temperature for biogas production was 35°C, the highest value of accumulated biogas yield was 87.82 m<sup>3</sup> per ton TS was found at a fermentation temperature of 35°C. The biogas yield increases with increasing agitation speed. The methane yield increased gradually until it reached the peak after 30 day for control and 20 day for 35 and 45 ºC fermentation temperature and then decreased until it reached day 60. The highest value of CO<sub>2</sub> yield was 5.2 m<sup>3</sup> per ton TS was obtained at 45°C fermentation temperature, while the lowest value of CO<sub>2</sub> yield was 4.8 m<sup>3</sup> per ton TS was obtained at a fermentation temperature of 35°C. The highest value of H<sub>2</sub>S yield was 1.8 m<sup>3</sup> per ton TS was obtained at 45°C fermentation temperature.
biogas yield,cattle dung,Agitation Speed,Temperature,batch digester
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195611.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195611_6ec4ea3a0caee058f55cd05f2af4130c.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Irrigation Intervals on Growth and Productivity and Some Water Relations of Some Tomato Hybrids Grown Under Saline Soil Conditions
875
886
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.195613
Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 in a private sector farm at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, to investigate the effect of four irrigation intervals (every 10days, 15ays, 20ays and 25days) on vegetative growth , chemical composition , fruit yield and quality of some tomato hybrids (Alissa F1, Carmen F1and Super strain B) and also their interactions under saline soil conditions.The study included 12 treatments which were resulted from the combinations between four irrigation treatments (Irrigation every 10 days, 15 days, 20 days and 25 days and three tomato hybrids (Alissa F1, Carmen F1and Super strain B). Results clearly showed that using irrigation every 10(2850 m<sup>3</sup>/fed) and 15 days (2550 m<sup>3</sup>/fed) with Super strain B reflected the highest values vegetative growth aspects of tomato plants and increased plant height, number of branches and leaves /plant and fresh and dry weight of plant as well as leaves area ,chlorophyll content, N, P, K, and proline, In addition, both fruit yield per plant and feddan as well as marketable fruit yield were increased, while unmarketable yield was decreased as a result of interaction treatments. The quality trait of tomato fruits i.e.., average fruit weight,length,diameter, fruit firmness,T.S.S., vitamin C and total acidity were increased.
Tomato - salinity,irrigation intervals - tomato hybrids- fruit yield- fruit quality
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195613.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195613_ea0ebe0cd95502c12f0335efc5932387.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Different Irrigation Intervals and Foliar Spray with Some Anti-Transpiration on Growth and Productivity of Some Tomato Grown Under Saline Soil Conditions
887
898
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.195614
Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 in a private sector farm at Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, to investigate the effect of four irrigation intervals (every 10days, 15ays, 20ays and 25days) and foliar spray with Kaolin 6% at 60 g/l and Glycine betaine at 2 g/l on vegetative growth , chemical composition , fruit yield and quality of tomato cv. Super strain B under saline soil conditions. This study included 12 treatments which were resulted from thecombinations between four irrigation treatments (Irrigation every 10 days, 15 days, 20 days and 25 days and three foliar spray with Kaolin 6% at 60 g/l and Glycine betaine at 2 g/lin addition to control treatments (without spray). Results clearly showed that the highest values in all measured growth traits were recorded as a result of using irrigation every 10 days (2850 m3/fed) and spraying with kaolin at 60g/l. moreover, the highest values of the most fruit yield and its components (total yield kg/plant, total yield t/fed and marketable yield t/fed) were recorded as a result of using irrigation every 10 days (2850 m3/ fed) followed by irrigation every 15 and 20 days( 2550 and 2150 m3/fed, respectively) with foliar spray with kaolin 6% at 60g/L and gave the highest average fruit weight, length, diameter, fruit firmness, T.S.S., vitamin C and total acidity of produced fruit.
Tomato - salinity,Irrigation intervals,anti-transpiration- Kaolin - Glycine betaine - fruit yield- fruit quality
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195614.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_195614_5dae6121cea7d0cdc9a5ea64d6da69af.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Economics of Production and Evaluation of Rabbit Production Farms in Qaliubiya Governorate
899
910
EN
Amira
Said
Elhabaa
Agriculture Economics‚ Faculty of Agriculture‚Benha University‚Egypt
amiraelhabaa@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.196070
Animal production is considered one of the main activities of the agricultural sector, due to the fact that it is the primary source of animal protein, which is a necessary element needed by humans. Also, poultry production is one of the main aspects of the sources of income from animal production, and rabbit meat is considered a suitable alternative to meat for the consumer, as it reached The value of meat production from rabbits is about 2.5 billion pounds, representing about 0.50%, 1.33% and 5.34% of the value of agricultural production.
The problem of the study was the shortage of animal protein suffered by most of the population of Egypt, which leads to the trend towards the development of livestock, which includes rabbit production projects as a solution to the meat crisis in Egypt, by increasing production, And increase the productivity of existing farms, and raise their economic efficiency, due to the enormous economic and productive advantages they carry. The most important research findings were as follows:
By studying the production functions of licensed and unlicensed rabbit production farms in the double logarithmic form and by estimating the return on production capacity by calculating the elasticity coefficient of total production of the most important elements affecting rabbit production, it amounted to about 1.3, 1.02 for licensed and unlicensed farms, which indicates an increased production capacity (first stage of Production according to the law of diminishing returns) Which necessitates increasing production and operating the production elements more efficiently to reach the economic stage, and the results of the financial and economic evaluation of these farms were as follows: Productive and economical of the project, The payback period was about 1.20, 1.07 years for both licensed and unlicensed farmers, and the rate of return on investment was about 1.52, 1.38 for both licensed and unlicensed farms, and the profitability index was about 2.20, 2.07, which reflects the profitability of licensed and unlicensed rabbit farms, respectively. Thus, the study recommends that attention be paid to rabbit breeding and production projects, given the profitability of these projects, the speed of the capital cycle, and work to increase the productivity of existing farms to increase investor income and to bridge the nutritional gap from animal protein in Egypt.
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196070.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196070_11aac96de1d776831f7d851622a2fb77.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
A Comparative Study of the Satisfaction Degree for Extension Services Provided by The Extension Centers in Qalyubia Governorate
911
922
EN
R.T.T
Tahawy
rtvic2020@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.196071
This research mainly aimed at determining the degree of general satisfaction with the extension services provided by the extension centers from the point of view of extension workers and farmers in Qalyubia governorate, by achieving the following sub-objectives: Identifying the degree of satisfaction with the extension service, in the areas of plant production, horticulture production, livestock production, and rural development, to determine the differences among the estimates of both extension workers and farmers to the degree of satisfaction of the extension service in these four areas, the relationship among the degrees of general satisfaction of the extension services provided by the extension centers and some of the personal, social, economic, and communication variables characteristic of the researches from extension workers and farmers, and to achieve these objectives two questionnaires were designed and the data were collected by interview with two samples of researchers with a sample of 216 extension workers, while the sample of farmers reached 364 researchers, repetitions, percentages and averages were used to display data and the (T) test was used to test the validity of statistical assumptions related to the differences among the researchers, and the Pearson correlation factor was used to find the correlation among the dependent variables. The independent variables studied, and the use of multiple regression correlational analysis was used to find the ratios of contribution of these independent variables to the interpretation of the overall variation of the dependent variable.
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196071.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196071_6f43a52c144689c747afeb1858be628f.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
The Differences among the Opinions of the Extension Workers and Farmers about Their Evaluations to the Degree of Providing Guidance Service in Qalyubia Governorate
923
934
EN
R.T.T
Tahawy
rtvic2020@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.196072
The main purpose of the research was to determine the degree of provision of extension services in the extension centers from the point of view of extension workers and farmers in Qalyubia governorate, by achieving the following sub-objectives: Identifying the degree of extension service, in the areas of plant production, horticultural production, livestock production, and rural development, identifying the differences among the opinions of both agricultural extension workers and farmers for some of the communication and extension variables that help provide extension service from their point of view, and to identify the differences among the estimates of each agricultural extension workers and farmers to the degree of extension service in these four areas, and to achieve these objectives, two questionnaires were designed and their data were collected in person with two samples of respondents with a sample of 216 respondents, while the sample of the farmers was 364, and the repetitions, percentages, and averages were used to display the data and the (T) test was used to test the validity of statistical assumptions related to the differences among the researchers.
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196072.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196072_47759cac1d37539c11ead548beb2cdc7.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Measuring the Impact of International Variables on Intra-Arab Agricultural Trade Using the Gravity Model
935
954
EN
MAHMOUD
MOUSTAFA
ELHABBAQ
Department of agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University.
mmhabbaq@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.196645
The Arab countries are highly dependent on non-Arab countries for their food needs, despite the fact that the Arab world occupies great strategic importance among the countries of the world because of its geographical location, its vast area and its population. It extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the west, The Arab Sea in the east and the Arabian Sea to the south of Turkey and the Mediterranean Sea. It covers an area of about 13.5 million square kilometers, of which 22% is located in Asia and 78% in Africa. The Arab coasts are about 22.8 thousand km. This is an indicator of the diversity of natural and economic resources of this region. Therefore, the study will focus on the economic potentials available in the Arab world and the extent of their diversity, thus increasing the opportunities and possibilities of Arab integration, especially in Arab agricultural integration. In the present circumstances, the economies of the Arab countries as developing countries face a new economic environment characterized by changes in economic structures and relations Therefore, it is necessary to shed light on the study of the conditions of Arab agricultural, agricultural and intra-agricultural trade, and the impact of contemporary international variables on them, so that proposals or perceptions of how to achieve Arab agricultural integration can be developed in light of the available possibilities. Finder on the international scene.
Intra-trade,gravity model,Arab integration
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196645.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196645_e49ea78b0ad3f8172eb6e75c1dbe6a56.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
An Economic Study to Estimate the Impact of Inflation on the Performance of the Most Important Productive Sectors in the Arab World
955
968
EN
Ahmed Abd El- Salam
Jagheef Al-Nasiri
Bachelor of Agricultural Science - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University
ahmedsalam123@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.196646
The results of the research indicated that the contribution of the agricultural sector to the structure of Arab GDP during the period (2010, 2015-2017) shows that it contributes about 6.2%, 5.8%, 6% and 5.6% during the mentioned period, while the contribution of the commodity sector reached 57.2%. Total services sectors were estimated at 42.1%, 52%, 54.1% and 51.9% for the same periods. Given the harsh conditions that Iraq has gone through, it has been unable to find mechanisms to control market prices that determine the levels of hyperinflation, which now threatens the real income levels of the individual, despite the adoption of monetary policy unique in the world through its hegemony and in absolute form and governed by exchange rates Foreign through the daily central bank auction. Where the statistics of the Iraqi Ministry of Planning for another rise in inflation rates, witnessed in 2017 and by 0.8 percent from 2016 rates, and the general index is one of the most used indicators in measuring inflation in Iraq, reflecting the change in the prices of goods and services to consumers. The index monitors 416 goods and services collected by the Central Bureau of Statistics monthly from the cities of Iraq. The problem of inflation is a phenomenon faced by most countries in the world adopted a free market system, but the causes of inflation and types vary from one country to another. There is an increase in the value of a specific commodity, but it is temporary in a season or occasion that will disappear after a short period. There is a real inflation problem, although its rates have declined over the past decade compared to years before 2003. The drop in gross domestic product (GDP) except oil is so low that it does not exceed $ 35 million. For vital sectors in the Economy, such as energy, fuel, transportation, and other service sectors. Inflation has increased the burdens of the Iraqi family, because families living without a specific financial resource have reduced their consumption and rearranged their consumption priorities because they are unable to cover the increase in prices resulting from the continuous rise in the prices of some commodities, especially oil derivatives. The results of the research indicate that there is a relationship of inflation rate and economic variables, the GDP of current and real prices and the real exchange rate
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196646.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196646_1a8185a8b9e3fad1025e25ac9a3be324.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
The Current Status of the Role of the Most Important Microfinance Institutions in Rural Egypt
969
978
EN
Asmahan Hussein
AbdElhady
Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center.
asmahanhussein1234@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.196648
Program being implemented by the Egyptian Small and micro-agricultural enterprises are an important component of the economic reform government to break the economic downturn.
The state faces many problems, especially in recent times, where the problem of unemployment and low personal incomes has become one of the most pressing problems in the Egyptian economy. The elements of production in order to produce goods and services, therefore, some economists believe that small and micro enterprises are the only way to solve these problems plaguing the country.
The main objective of this research was to identify the role of the most important microfinance institutions in the Egyptian countryside by studying the following sub-objectives: Evolution of the value of loans disbursed from the Local Development Fund, estimating the disbursement of small and micro enterprises according to the geographical scope during the period 2009-2019, determining the number of Legislations, Women's Projects, Number of Beneficiaries and Job Opportunities.
The research relied on the method of descriptive and quantitative analysis of the variables of the study to describe the problem and knowledge of its components and evolution. A simple regression method was used to estimate the overall time trend of the variables under study.
The most important results that have been tried: -
1-The study found that the provinces in urban areas.
2. The study found that the total value of loans granted by the Local Development Fund reached LE 249.42 million Loans reached a maximum of LE 32.96 million in 2008/2009, while loans reached a minimum of LE 8.69 million in 2017/2018, with an average of LE 22.67 million.
<strong>3- </strong>The study showed that the local development fund has spent 284.09 million pounds during the study period from 2008 / 2009-2018<strong> / </strong>2019 tofinance 95520 projects. The number of beneficiaries was 100412 beneficiaries including 42103 males including 53430 females.
The value of investments in these projects amounted to 355.38 million pounds, of which 71.29 million pounds participation of the owners of these projects.
4- The study showed that the highest value of loans granted by theLocal Development Fund was in 2008/2009 with a value of LE 32.96 million with a relative importance of 13.22%, followed by 2009/2010 with a value of LE 29.97 million and a relative importance of 12.02%.
The value of loans amounted to LE 29.60 million, with a relative importance of 11.87%. The average value of loans was LE 22.67 million, while the lowest value of loans granted by the Local Development Fund was in 2016/17, 2015/2016 and 2016. Loans in those years amounted to 15.86, 14.06 and 8.69 million pounds respectively, with a relative importance of 6.36% - 5.63% - 3.48%.
5- The study found that the number of projects and projects of women and the number of beneficiaries and additional employment and the value of loans according to the fields of projects implemented through the Development Fund during the period 01-01-2008 to 30-6-2018, where the largest of these areas in terms of the number of projects is the activity of animal production where the number of projects with about 49247 projects 77.28% of the total number of projects, followed by the activity of environmental and household industries where the number of projects amounted to 2931 projects by 4.6%.
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196648.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196648_657f72470fda68bb10c00fdf35850474.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Economic and Marketing Aspects Related to Ways to Overcome the Problems of Food Losses for some Exports and Food Imports
979
998
EN
Ibrahim Mahmoud
Mohammed Murad
ibrahimmourad17121960@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.196651
The aim of reducing the quantitative and qualitative losses the most important Egyptian exports and imports while avoiding health, environmental, marketing and economic problems is one of the main axes of the improvement of the local food situation. Due to the lack of some traditional methods of conservation, there has been an international and local approach to using conservation technology to prevent this deficiency and the importance of improving the application Commercialization of this technique was important to conduct such a study of technical feasibility, marketing, financial and national, where the study included three sections.
The first section deals with the technical possibilities of the use of food irradiation technology in the preservation of some exports and food imports (wheat, maize, legumes, potatoes, onions, garlic, fruits, citrus, red meat). In the second section, the preliminary indicators for the application of irradiation technology in the preservation of some exports and food imports were sought. The study indicated that the expected quantity is saved to the equivalent of 933 thousand tons per year with irradiated dose of 1 kg. In the third section, the financial analysis was carried out, including the determination of investment expenditure, labor cost, annual operating specifications, pre-operating expenses, annual depreciation, total annual costs (56.5, 0.79, 4.16, 11.05, 2.53) 10<sup>3</sup> L.E The price of irradiation was more than 0.5% of the market price of any of the foods studied. The commercial profitability of irradiation has been evaluated. Save exports and imports and use cash flow tables where a The results of the analysis showed that the internal rate of return is 27%, 21%, while the Pay Back period is 3.4 years, 4.4 years in both basic analysis and sensitivity analysis. The expected returns to the national income were analyzed as a result of keeping some exports and food imports using technology Irradiation as a result of reduction of losses and avoid the health and environmental problems of traditional conservation methods. The study showed that the expected return to income amounted to 602 million pounds annually.
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196651.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196651_36133e099e09f8a59d51d3943d0f5cc8.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Agricultural Policy Analysis Matrix For Summer Maize (White ) Crop In Minia Governorate
999
1014
EN
khalil Ibrahim
salim Qutb
khalilsalem897@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.196655
The main problem of the study is that despite the efforts of the State to increase agricultural production in general and maize crop in particular in most governorates of the Republic, the quantities produced do not meet the local needs, in addition to the fluctuation of production from year to year, To the existence of a large gap is covered by the import from abroad, and reflected on the decline in the food security coefficient of this strategic crop, which is multi-uses at the level of food and industry, Which necessitates the need to identify the impact of these agricultural policies on this strategic crop and its implications on the various concepts related to the level of food security, so that the recommendations can be reached to improve these levels and reduce imports from abroad.
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196655.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196655_62e47b4906f37a36cd8050dbd0958532.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
The Economic Evaluation of the Use of Biotechnology Technology and Applied To the Productivity of Wheat under the Conditions of Qantara East
1015
1026
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.196762
Biotechnology is an integrated production system that allows the improvement of the ecological and economic system of agricultural soil, as well as increasing the diversity and biological activity of soil microbes. Application of biotechnological technology includes the use of bio-fertilizers, which have become the most effective and reliable alternative to mineral fertilizers and their use in agriculture. The problem of the study is that the traditional agriculture of the wheat crop in the new lands and the use of chemical fertilizers did not achieve the optimal production of the wheat crop with the high costs of agriculture from the requirements of fertilization and irrigation, which is reflected in the reduction of productivity of feddan. Fertilization of the wheat crop and proved its high ability to increase the productivity of feddan and resistance to diseases affecting the wheat crop has been proved in many research studies in the form of master and doctoral dissertations in each of the universities and research centers, and considered Economic conditions has become an urgent need to increase the productivity of wheat to fill the food gap.
Therefore, the study aims to estimate the production capacity of the wheat crop in Egypt and its relation to food security, the use of bio fertilizers in fertilizing the wheat crop and its quality study in increasing the yield of wheat compared to mineral and organic fertilizers.
It was found that the average farm price of wheat crop is about 129, 215.83 and 355.17 pounds / ton during the periods (2000-2005), (2006-2011) and (2012-2017) respectively, with an average of 233.33 LE / ton during the study period (2000-2017). The average value of the total wheat crop income is about 2943.6, 5434.33 and 7968 LE / feddan as an average during the periods (2000-2005), (2006-2011) and (2012-2017) respectively, -2017) estimated at 5448.64 pounds / acre.
It was found that the average total cost of wheat crop during the period 2000-2005, 2006-2011 and 2012-2017 amounts to about 1202.75, 2156 and 5158.17 pounds / fed respectively, with an average of 2838.97 LE / feddan during the study period (2000-2017). The average net yield of the wheat crop during the periods 2000-2005, 2006-2011 and 2012-2017 is about 1537, 2230.67 and 2578.17 LE / fed, and the average for the study period (2000-2017) is estimated About 2115,28 pounds / acres
It was found that the average yield on the spent pound is about 0.67, 0.7 and 0.74 pounds during the periods (2000-2005), (2006-2011) and (2012-2017) for each of them respectively, with an average of about 0, 71 pounds during the study period (2000-2017). And the average yield on the pound per month for the wheat crop during the periods (2000-2005), (2006-2011) and (2012-2017) is about 193.07 and 467.69 and 429.69 pounds / month respectively, and on average Year estimated at 363.48 LE / month during the study period (2000-2017).
The study showed that the food gap of wheat tends to increase around the average of 5841 thousand tons, with a minimum of 2409 thousand tons in 2005, and a maximum of about 11079 thousand tons in 2017. While the average self-sufficiency rate of wheat was 60.3% during the study period. It ranged from a low of 47.89% in 2010 to a decrease of 12.41% from the average gap during the same period. The highest increase was about 77.17% in 2005, an increase of about 16.87% compared to the annual average during the same period.
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196762.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196762_2a692937b466fa0966684a3e124c3ddb.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
The Effect of Unconventional Diets on the Production of Red Meat in Egypt
1027
1040
EN
Mohamed Kamal
Eldin Hassan
mm_elsheikh2005@yahoo.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.196763
The problem of animal protein deficiency is one of the most important problems facing the improvement of the food level in developing countries. The problem of research is the inability of the productive capacity of the feed resources of farm animals in Egyptian agriculture to cover the animal needs of these resources, and this problem is exacerbated due to Egypt's lack of animal feed materials in addition to the waste in agricultural products and by-products of some field crops. Get rid of them in negative ways. The research aims to study the current production status of fattening livestock in the Arab Republic of Egypt in general as well as the current production situation of traditional and non-traditional animal feed and study the size of the animal feed gap with the study of the impact of non-traditional feed on the production of fattening livestock. With regard to the study of the production situation of red meat in Egypt during the average period (2000-2017) it is clear that the minimum production of meat in Egypt reached about 696 thousand tons in 2001, while the maximum reached about 990 thousand tons in 2012, an increase of about 294 thousand tons The minimum level dropped to about 972 thousand tons in 2017, while the average annual production of red meat in Egypt during the period (2000-2017) about 904 thousand tons annually. The study of the local production of concentrated feed during the period (2000-2017) showed that it ranged between increase and decrease as the minimum amount reached about 5526 thousand tons during 2004, which represents about 6.1% of the total feed production for the same year, while the maximum amount was about 11309 thousand tons in 2015, representing about 14.8% of the production of feed for the same year, an increase of about 8.7% over 2004. The overall average production of concentrated feed in Egypt about 8587 thousand tons, representing about 9.84% in terms of the relative importance of the total production Feed in Egypt.
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196763.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196763_c2c6489d6fddc0629c6887eb875bfd89.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Economic Evaluation of the Project of Cucumber Production in Agricultural Produce In Dakahlia Governorate
1041
1054
EN
10.21608/assjm.2021.196764
Projects of various sizes and types are considered the main and fundamental pillars of development plans, through the implementation of various projects in the sectors of the national economy. Economic development is achieved and economic growth in various countries depends on the safety of investment decisions in projects which constitute economic development programs. SMEs are an important component of the Egyptian government's economic reform and liberalization program, but they have not been adequately reflected in job creation, productivity improvement and income generation. While the economic transition has shifted the burden of the production process from the Government to the private sector, with growing population growth rates and growing economic needs, a great number of new jobs and increased production are required. Small and medium enterprises represent more than 99% of Egypt's private non-agricultural enterprises and contribute almost "to the provision of nearly three-quarters of the jobs provided by this sector, although small and medium enterprises suffer from inadequate resources and inefficient resources. Efforts should be intensified to develop these facilities and provide the necessary services such as developing the skills of those involved and developing the transfer of technology used in these projects as well as assisting the enterprises.
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196764.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196764_2988c186b1efadf6f48ee7003e9c8020.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Effect of Spraying Dolomite Nano-Particles on Growth, Flowering and Fruit Setting of Picual Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cultivar under Water Stress Conditions
1055
1062
EN
I. M.
Dobiea
1- Horticulture department, Faculty of agriculture, Benha University, Egypt.
2- Plant Production department, Desert Research center, Egypt.
ibrahimdobea9103@gmail.com
10.21608/assjm.2021.196765
Water stress “an abiotic stress” is one of the main challenges which constrain olive cultivation in reclaimed area in Egypt. It can impair the growth and production performance of olives. Many investigations recommended spraying dolomite nano-particles "Lithovit<sup>®</sup> fertilizer” to reduce the effect of water stress. We believe that we have designed an innovative solution to follow up the effect of spraying dolomite nano-particles (Ca CO<sub>3</sub> & Mg CO<sub>3</sub>) on olive trees which exposure to different irrigation levels. Four concentrations of dolomite nano-particles were sprayed on olive (<em>Olea europaea</em> var. Picual) trees (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/L) under three irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% of evapotranspiration for crop “ETc”) during 2017, 2018 seasons. Strong evidence of irrigation at 75% of ETc was found on olive growth, flowering and fruit setting. It was the best irrigation level to balance between vegetative growth and blooming. Moreover, there were significant variations between spraying dolomite nano-particles at 2 g/L and other concentrations on flowering and fruit setting. Furthermore, the interaction between spraying dolomite nano-particles and irrigation levels cleared that spraying dolomite nano-particles at 2 g/L and irrigation at 75% of ETc enhanced flowering and fruit setting.
olive,nano science,dolomite nano-particles "Lithovit® fertilizer” and water stress
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196765.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196765_e1da04b8029e365ce15188fa9b40b571.pdf
Benha University; Faculty of Agriculture
Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor
1110-0419
2974-4830
59
5
2021
04
01
Improving the Productivity and Nutritional Status of Washington Navel Orange Tress by Using Some Nano Compounds and Natural Extracts under Different Irrigation System
1063
1072
EN
A. A.
Farag
Agric. Eng. Dep., Fac. of Agric., Benha Univ.
abousrie.ahmad@fagr.bu.edu.eg
10.21608/assjm.2021.196767
<strong>Abstract</strong>
The present investigation was undertaken throughout the two successive seasons of 2016 and 2017 at fruit orchard, Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor, Benha University, Toukh region, Qalyubeia Governorate, Egypt.
The main goal from study evaluate the effect of some stimulating substances i.e., (yeast extract and nano fertilizer) at different concentrations and irrigation levels on some vegetative growth measurements and leaf nutritional status of Washington navel orange trees budded on sour orange rootstock. Results indicated that, all investigated stimulating substances treatments under study as foliar spray at various concentrations and irrigation with high level resulted in a positive and significant increase in most vegetative growth measurements and improving leaf nutrient contents of Washington navel orange trees in comparison with the control during both seasons of study. The best results were obtained from sprayed trees with yeast extract at 150 ml/liter+lithovit at4.0g/liter and irrigation with 3894.1 m<sup>3 </sup>water / feddan / year compared to the water spray and irrigation with 3127.8 m<sup>3</sup> water /feddan/year during both seasons of study.
<strong> </strong>
citrus,yeast extract,Lithovit,Irrigation,vegetative growth and nutritional status
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196767.html
https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg/article_196767_73cebc803913013e880319fa8bd3acc6.pdf